Streptoderma - a group of infectious diseases of the skin, caused by streptococcus. Most often affects children and women, who have more delicate skin than others.

How is infection with streptococcal

Streptococci - is opportunistic microorganisms. This means that they cause disease under certain conditions. These factors include provoking low immunity, skin lesions, vitamin deficiencies, hormonal disorders Hormonal disorders - oversupply and a lack of equally dangerous Disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Very often streptoderma sick children with poor skin care.

Infected with streptococci can be contact-household through direct contact with a sick person or using common objects. Outbreaks of the disease in non-compliance with hygiene standards often occur in kindergartens where streptococci are transmitted through toys.

Symptoms and types

The incubation period (time from infection to the appearance of the first signs of the disease) is about seven days. The main symptom of streptococcal - the appearance of conflict. They are flat bubbles which settle surfactant and contain transparent or turbid liquid. Along the edges are surrounded by a halo phlyctenas reddened, inflamed skin.

There are several types of streptococcal, manifestations of which have their own characteristics:

• Strep impetigo. The disease begins with the appearance of small red spots on the site where a few hours later formed conflict to three millimeters in diameter. Sometimes they occur on intact skin. The most frequent localization of bubbles - the side of the legs, torso, face. Conflicts may increase in size and merge, in this case, a ring of impetigo. Content bubbles first light, then it becomes purulent, and rarely hemorrhagic (contains blood). Then, on the surface of conflict formed a thin gray crust which disappears after a while, and in its place is a bluish-pink spot. Duration of strep impetigo an average of four weeks.
• Bullous impetigo. Conflict resolution in this condition up to three centimeters in diameter, and in some cases may be even greater. After opening the bubbles remain erosion (surface defects of the skin), which gradually increase in size. Most of these elements are located on the back of the hands, some at least - on the feet and legs.
• Slit impetigo (angular stomatitis). This form is better known as streptococcal binding. It represents fliktenu which is disposed in the corners of the mouth. First, there are lingering bubbles that burst, and in their place are small linear fracture. Crust formed honey-yellow color, which later disappear. The disease is accompanied by salivation, itching, eating is difficult because of the pain. Less affected skin at the nostrils and around the outer edge of the eye. The longest slit impetigo occurs in the presence of carious teeth, conjunctivitis, rhinitis Rhinitis: a runny nose - is quite serious When the habit of constantly licking the corners of his mouth, people who wear dentures and hypovitaminosis B.
• Simple lichen Ringworm - not only infectious disease . This type of streptococcal most often occurs in children. There are oval or round Belov pockets or pink with clear boundaries. Such areas are covered with a large number of scales. Under the action of sunlight signs of disease disappear, but the affected areas tan less than the rest of the skin. Lichen simplex often occurs on the skin around the mouth, cheeks, in the region of the mandible.
• Impetigo nail ridges (turniol). This variation is more common in adults. The disease usually develops when created good conditions for the penetration of streptococci (injuries, burrs). Around the nail plates of the fingers occur phlyctenas with transparent content, which would later become cloudy. Struck by a phalanx of swells, there is pain. When the conflict is revealed in its place formed by erosion, which is in the form of a horseshoe nail cushion covers.
• Strep diaper rash. Streptoderma occurs on the surface of skin folds, which are constantly in contact with each other (under the breasts, in obese people and children - in the folds of the abdomen, inguinal-femoral or mezhyagodichnoy folds, the armpit). Small phlyctenas merge opened and form a bright pink moist surface. In the depths of the folds can form painful cracks.

Diagnostics

Streptoderma diagnosis is made after examination of the patient the doctor. Doctor detects typical signs of the disease: phlyctenas, brown, erosion, cracks.

In order to determine the type of microorganism is conducted bacteriological seeding the content of bubbles. Using this method, as determined by the sensitivity of streptococci to various antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? .

Treatment and prevention

Streptoderma Treatment includes the use of several groups of products:

• Antibiotics penicillin (amoxiclav) or macrolide (Summamed). The treatment with these drugs should only be made prebiotics or probiotics to support the intestinal flora in its natural state.
• Vitamins: Centrum, multitabs.
• Immunomodulatory drugs. They are appointed by the chronic course streptoderma. These include immunofan and likopid.
• Local antiseptics. Several times a day the affected areas treated with alcoholic solutions of aniline dyes. Large pockets can be washed with a solution of chlorhexidine or miramistina. For crust is recommended to apply an ointment containing antibiotics (levamikol, eritromitsinovaya).

Prevention streptoderma should include hygienic standards, treatment of opportunistic diseases and antiseptic any microtraumas skin.

Psoriasis, which is essentially a skin disease, can infect nails on the hands and on the feet. Nail psoriasis - a disease whose treatment requires patience.

What is nail psoriasis

Nail psoriasis rarely occurs in isolation and apart. It is a chronic inflammatory disease of the type which may affect the entire body. The cells of psoriasis, circulating in the body (skin, nails, joints), can trigger the disease in any part of the skin and sometimes to complement joint disease Joint disease - prevention is better than cure .

Sometimes defeat nail plates is the initial stage of the disease: an average of 1-5% is found in patients with this pathology.

Recognize nail psoriasis can be on several grounds:

• a symptom of a thimble: punctiform indentations on the nails;
• pinkish-brown "oil" spot at the base of the nail;
• a significant thickening of the nail and separation of the nail plate from the distal edge, that is, from the white part, located at the tip of the nail. The nail becomes loose and starts to crumble at the ends. This is called onycholysis, which may be accompanied by hyperkeratosis the presence yellowish-white spots.

Extent of the disease

There are several degrees of the disease. Psoriasis often begins with the destruction of the nail and spread to other nails (hands and feet).

Lesion area of ​​each nail is not the same, as well as the intensity of the inflammatory process hyperkeratosis or delamination.

Diagnostics

Diagnose nail psoriasis is not always easy. To be completely sure that we are talking about psoriasis, mycosis and not necessary to make a smear on the identification of a fungal disease. The dermatologist cuts off the tip of the affected nail and puts it in the incubator. The result will be known after three weeks.

Diagnosis of nail psoriasis may require biopsy of the nail (the separation of a small piece of the nail). By resorting to this procedure is extremely rare, as it is very painful for the patient.

In addition, the doctor will ask the patient some questions to understand whether his illness is accompanied by pain in the joints or the lack of flexibility and mobility in the morning hour. In this case, it advises refer to a rheumatologist to exclude joint disease.

Treatment

There are several effective treatments for nail psoriasis. The dermatologist will choose the best treatment option, taking into account the extent of the disease, the number of affected nails and general health of the patient.

Psoriatic nail is very weak and susceptible to infectious diseases, including mycosis. In this case it will be necessary to treat and fungus.

Typically, they start with topical treatments using ointments based cortisone or cortisone mixtures and vitamin D. Ointment is recommended to be applied daily to the affected area, preferably overnight. If the number of affected nails very high, local treatment is not enough. There are systemic immunosuppressive treatment in the case of extensive skin psoriasis.

• Acitretin treatment is offered to girls of childbearing age. You can not plan pregnancy during treatment adventures, and for two years after treatment, as this poses a risk to the fetus.
• Using methotrexate for the treatment of psoriasis, the patient will not be able to get pregnant. You have to wait three months before you plan a pregnancy.
• Immunosuppressant cyclosporin has side effects: hypertension, renal failure and so on. Before treatment is necessary to identify the risk of such disorders. But the treatment of cyclosporine, pregnancy is not a problem.

Psoriasis can be treated with local injection of cortisone. Injections are administered in the area around the nail under local anesthesia as it is painful procedure.

Psoriasis of the nails and manicure

If any of psoriasis, the nails are advised to cut very short, because they are very fragile and any light injuries can cause inflammation. If the nails are hit, you should not do manicures, this reduces the effectiveness of treatment and contributes to the development of the disease.

Need for good hygiene of affected areas and avoid contact with excessive moisture on the nail, it is the risk of athlete's foot. Observe personal hygiene, because often the fungus spread in the skin, and then comes to nails.

Not forbidden to apply nail polish, but do not use artificial nails Artificial nails: benefit or harm As when removed, they run the risk of a new inflammation and injury.

Nail psoriasis - a "social" pathologies. When the disease affects the hands, there are problems in communicating with people. Even in everyday life nail psoriasis Nail psoriasis - a difficult problem   implies some kind of difficulty in performing simple household chores: washing dishes, cleaning, cooking, sewing. The disease greatly affects the quality of life, so it is necessary to help the patient get rid of this disease, even with the unpleasant therapeutic procedures.