Symptoms of hyperthyroidism may be accompanied by a variety of thyroid disease Thyroid disease - women at risk If they are accompanied by an increased release of thyroid hormones. Such diseases include, above all, Graves' disease, autoimmune thyroiditis, and one kind of sporadic goiter - a multi-node hyperthyroid goiter.

How do the thyroid hormones in the human body

Under the action of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine - T3 and thyroxine Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone   - T4) accelerate all types of metabolism, which stimulates the activity of all other organs and systems. Especially hard for the cardiovascular system: the organs and tissues require increased amounts of oxygen and the heart often has to be reduced in order to bring everything you need. Heart of hyperthyroidism is called "thyrotoxic heart."

With working hard, and all the other organs. People with untreated hyperthyroidism can begin thyrotoxic crisis, which in the absence of medical assistance may go into a coma.

How to determine the development of hyperthyroidism

The disease of the thyroid gland, causing hyperthyroidism, usually begins gradually. Gradually increasing and signs of hyperthyroidism. First, patients usually complain of severe irritability, anxiety, worry, fear, insomnia. Gradually joined sweating, hand tremors, language of the body. A small permanent increase in temperature does not allow such patients to endure the heat.

Patients lose weight at an increased appetite. But sometimes it notes, on the contrary, an increase in body weight, which is associated with disorders of fat metabolism - fat cells do not take thyroid hormone because of a violation of the receptor apparatus.

It appears palpitations (tachycardia), the main feature of which is the permanence: it does not depend on time of day, body position and other factors. The heart rate is directly proportional to the severity of the disease. In elderly patients with tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit?   often accompanied by violation of the heart rate, which leads to bouts of atrial fibrillation (irregular heartbeat is very frequent). It is also characteristic that the tachycardia is not removed the appointment of cardiac glycosides (for any other cardiac diseases they cause the heart to contract more rare and much) without prescription drugs that reduce the secretion of thyroid hormones.

Sometimes, in the heart occur stabbing or squeezing pain - is angina or sudden spasm of the coronary arteries. Angina, which arose on the background of hyperthyroidism depends on the severity of the underlying disease of the thyroid gland and does not depend on the age of the patient. All changes in the heart are visible on the ECG and appear as right heart failure.

As a result, long-term effects on the autonomic nervous system (the system innervates internal organs and blood vessels) of thyroid hormones in patients develop characteristic disorders of the eye, which appear bright luster, flashing a rare, wide-open eye slit and the protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos). There may be symptoms such as watery eyes, foreign body sensation in the eyes, blurred vision, double vision.

Hyperthyroid crisis

All the signs of hyperthyroidism reach a peak in the hyperthyroid crisis, which is seen in about one percent of untreated or inadequately treated patients. This crisis can be triggered by mechanical manipulation of the thyroid gland during surgery or during the medical examination, as well as stress. Development of the crisis indicates severe disease.

For hyperthyroid crisis characterized by acute onset and a fulminant course. The crisis manifested a strong mental excitement, often with delusions Brad - not only crazy   and hallucinations. It is accompanied by a strong tremor of the arms, legs and body, a sharp drop in blood pressure, confusion, and muscle weakness, uncontrollable vomiting, diarrhea, rise in temperature in the absence of signs of infection, and even more palpitations (a hundred and twenty beats per minute). In the urine there is a characteristic smell of acetone

Sometimes, jaundice, occurring against the backdrop of acute fatty liver, and adrenal insufficiency.

If the patient is not provided timely help, hyperthyroid crisis can go into a coma, which often ends in death of the patient. The cause of death could be heart failure, acute fatty liver, or adrenal insufficiency.

Hyperthyroidism can lead to serious complications from the entire body, so it requires timely detection and treatment of the underlying disease, caused it.

Galina Romanenko

The thyroid gland may vary in size, increasing diffuse, it will be a compensatory reaction in response to a shortfall of iodine. This trace element is essential for the hormonal activity of the gland, so if it insufficient intake of iron to grow well-read, a change in its functional activity. Diffuse hyperplasia of the thyroid gland is not an indication to increase the production of hormones gland, long-term course of the disease state of hypothyroidism occurs.

Multifactorial nature of

The main cause of diffuse hyperplasia is that the body is not supplied in a sufficient amount of iodine. A man fills a need for iodine due to its receipt from the environment (this can be food, water, air). Most of the iodine comes from food (is almost 90% of the micronutrient needs per day). If the body does not occur of iodine in the normal amount, the cancer cells begin to grow to ensure the secretion of thyroid hormones at the right level. The process of diffuse increase in the size of the prostate often can observe the inhabitants of the regions where the environment has iodine deficiency. Due to the fact that this state is found only in certain regions, then talk about endemic goiter regions.

In addition to the problem of iodine deficiency on the development of diffuse hyperplasia cancer may be influenced by the following factors:

• genetic predisposition, heredity burdened goiter. This fact is confirmed by the presence of cases of family destruction goiter
• in the presence of environmental imbalances content of microelements important for the functioning of the endocrine system. At deficiency of copper, cobalt, manganese, zinc, selenium, calcium content and excessive broken processes of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones
• dietary intake of substances which have or strumogennymi goitrogenic properties. The natural strumogennym substances include certain types of vegetables (some varieties of cabbage - cabbage, cauliflower, turnips, horseradish, lettuce and corn, sweet potatoes)
• use of certain medications that can affect the process of iodine in cancer cells

As a specific predisposing factors are considered conditions that do not meet certain health and safety standards, the presence of helminthic invasion, chronic infectious and inflammatory processes of nature. In this situation, the thyroid gland can not provide normal levels of thyroid hormones in the blood due to the reduction of its compensatory possibilities.

Questions preventative and treatment

Great importance is attached to preventive measures oriented to help prevent the development of diffuse thyroid hyperplasia Thyroid hyperplasia - prevalence of endocrine pathology . There are special standards on which it is recommended to use iodized salt. Must be organized provision of such salt inhabitants of the areas in which notes the unfavorable situation on the iodine content. The iodized salt contains potassium iodide in a certain proportion (estimated at 25 grams per ton of salt). Lack of iodine in endemic goiter areas can be compensated for foods that are rich in iodine. The seafood, sea fish, algae, persimmon iodine contained in large quantities, so the diet should contain them mandatory. This type of prevention involves massive preventive measures. There are individual iodine prophylaxis in the conduct which requires a certain contingent of people:

• patients who can not be assigned to drug therapy
• patients who had undergone surgery for goiter
• Persons who are temporarily living in an endemic goiter region

If you do not carry out this kind of event, there is a significant increase in the incidence.

Not all cases of diffuse hyperplasia require appointment of a special medical treatment. If the degree of hyperplasia is not expressed and is not accompanied by functional disorders in the activity of the prostate, it can be limited only to the dynamic observation of the patient. It should be carried out an ultrasound scan cancer, which makes it possible to assess the degree of hyperplasia, volume, body size. It is also necessary to assess the hormonal activity of the cancer based on the blood levels of thyroid hormones. Dynamic observation should be doubled during the year to recommend a comprehensive survey of the patient.

One type of therapy in hyperplasias Hyperplasia - do not be afraid   Therapy is iodine and thyroid hormones. Particular care should be the therapy of iodine because of the possibility of serious complications, such as hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism: increased secretion of thyroid hormone The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones   during treatment. Thyroid hormone (thyroxine) is prescribed for diffuse hyperplasia with a tendency to further progression of the process. It should start with the lowest dose and gradually bring it up to the maximum tolerated, against which the euthyroid state is achieved. Treatment with thyroid hormones requires a visual inspection of the patient for an objective assessment of the size of the prostate. For this purpose, measured neck circumference, measured by palpation state cancer, its size, and it is absolutely necessary to do an ultrasound scan. The dose of prescription drugs must provide compensation for the state of the thyroid gland, so in each case, the question of the duration of therapy should be decided individually, especially when a state of hypothyroidism on the background of severe diffuse hyperplasia of the prostate.

Marina Solovyov