The notion of left ovarian cyst should be considered the development of tumor formation in the ovary, the nature of which may be different. For most of these cysts are characterized by a long asymptomatic, which contributes to the difficulty of timely diagnosis - a cyst detected during routine inspection.

What are the kinds of cysts

The following tumor formation in the left ovarian cyst can be called:

• follicular cyst. It is often diagnosed in women of childbearing age or younger. This cyst is manifested by the presence of pain and disorders of the cycle. Menstruation in women occurs after long delays, and the bleeding can be very abundant. Follicular cyst when examining women are usually described as a one-sided education of small size, painless and elastic consistency. In some cases, this cyst may cause circulation couples with infertility due
• corpus luteum cyst. It is characterized by disturbances in the cycle in the form of delayed menstruation. The delay can be of varying duration, in some cases up to three months. Against the background of such a delay, there are signs that are characteristic of pregnancy - breast nagrubayut bothers nausea Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system . After a long delay in women can cause bleeding disorders or in the form of long, spotting. There is another feature this cyst - it might break, for example, during sexual intercourse. With the attack of intense pain a woman is admitted to hospital
• in the left ovary can be detected as paraovarialnuyu, dermoid cysts or endometrial.
• fifteen percent of clinical cases, the cyst is malignant, so you should always consider the risk of having the patient cancer process. In diagnostic terms currently provides substantial assistance in the investigation of the blood content of tumor markers or tumor marker. This method of diagnosis can not be called absolutely specific as tumor markers differ in their sensitivity in the diagnosis of cancer processes. The greatest sensitivity is different marker CA-125, as it is for him and eighty eight percent.

When the diagnosis of care is provided by modern instrumental techniques. These include ultrasound or ultrasound, computed tomography or magnetic resonance. More accurate information about the nature of the cyst can be obtained during the ultrasound with color Doppler mapping. A prerequisite for the instrumental studies should be holding it after a bowel movement. This is necessary for accurate visualization of education, specifying its size and structure.

What determines the treatment strategy

In identifying the woman left ovary cysts do not require urgent surgical intervention. Dynamic observation and laboratory research tool allows to determine the cause of the cyst, and select the required tactics. Urgent indications for surgery may arise when complications arise that require the presence of exceptions patient surgical pathology.

To this end, the woman is prescribed for several months taking hormones (contraceptives or COCs) under the scheme. Throughout the course of hormone therapy should be carried out dynamic monitoring of the cyst and tolerability woman. In most cases the hormones are to be taken from three to six months. It is proved that the timely appointment of treatment is possible to achieve positive results and the patient's recovery.

Surgical removal of dermoid cyst and are subject to malignant cyst. Dermoid cyst can ozlokachestvlyatsya, with their background there are various forms of cancer Breast cancer - the verdict?   (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma or sarcoma). This type of cyst most commonly affects young women, so it is important during the operation to make the removal of a pathological entity within the same tissue (made resection of the ovary). If it is a malignant cyst, the volume of transactions is determined individually, not only taking into account the results of the study, as well as the woman's age and the presence of her complications or comorbidities.

Marina Solovyov

The uterus is the main female reproductive organs. It is located in the pelvic cavity and consists of a bottom (the upper part), a body, cervix and uterus. The neck is a continuation of the uterus, part of it goes into the vagina, inside the cervix is ​​the channel that opens during childbirth, forming along with the uterus and the vagina common birth canal.

The structure of the cervix

The cervix has two divisions: the vaginal part descends into the vaginal cavity (about a third of the cervix) and supravaginal part lying above the vagina. Inside the cervix pass the cervical canal or cervical (cervix in Latin is called cervix uteri) channel. Place the transition of the uterus in the cervical canal is narrowed and is called the isthmus. The isthmus is the upper section of the cervix, but the microscopic structure of its mucosa resembles the structure of the mucous membrane of the uterine body.

In the vaginal part of the cervix is ​​visible outer mouth-opening leading from the vagina into the cervical canal and continuing into the uterine cavity. The uterus cervical canal opens inner throat.

The cervix in girls and women has a conical shape, in adult women, especially parous-cylindrical shape. The lower end of the neck has a hole that opens into the vagina. Nulliparous women, this opening has an oval cross-shape parous form transverse slit usually healed with nicked edges. Hole Unlimited shorter front and rear lip, a thin and long.

The structure of the cervical canal

Cervical canal expanded in the middle, top, it goes into several stroke-narrowed isthmus of the uterus, through which neck communicates with the cavity of the uterus.

The mucous membrane of the cervix more massive than in the uterus. The front and rear walls of the neck it has palmovidnye folds, which are called "the tree of life."

Cervical canal is lined by columnar epithelium, producing mucus. The mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​coarser than in the uterine cavity contains more elastic fibers, which give it flexibility and elasticity. The mucosa is located a gland that secrete secret (as well as the epithelial cells) as a thick viscous glassy mucus having an alkaline reaction. This secret fills the cervical canal and forms a so-called plug Kristeller which both mechanically and due to their bactericidal (bacteria-killing) properties prevents penetration of infection into the cervix.

Cyclical changes associated with the menstrual cycle, the mucous membrane of the cervix does not undergo, but during ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible?   secretion of mucus glands of the cervix increases. In some cases of cervical cancer may be clogged, which promotes the formation of cysts.

Under the mucous membrane of the cervix is ​​the muscle sheath, which is integral with all the muscles of the uterus. A feature of the muscle membrane of the cervical canal is that it is less developed than in the uterus and contains more elastic fibers that allow the cervix to contract and open the birth canal.

What can see a gynecologist during the inspection of the cervix

During the inspection of the cervix to identify women with suspected inflammatory processes, benign tumors, cancer and precancerous lesions, which subsequently require a more detailed examination.

Inspection is carried out using a speculum, which provide access for inspection of the cervix. Normally, the cervix has a flat smooth pink surface in the cervical canal - a transparent mucous secretion. After menopause, the cervix shrinks, the mucous membrane becomes thinner, it is also a variant of the norm.

If there is inflammation in the canal of the cervix (cervicitis), - mucosa swelling, discharge Discharges in women when there is cause for concern   from the cervical canal - mucopurulent. If the inflammatory process becomes chronic, it often leads to clogging gland, secreting mucus and cyst formation, which in turn will lead to an increase in the cervix. Cervical erosion - is a violation of the epithelial layer under the influence of discharge. Erosion has the form of bright red spots with jagged edges. Erosion is a precancerous condition.

On examination can also be cervical polyps - benign arising on a background of long flowing inflammatory and hormonal disorders, benign tumors and some other processes that require further examination.

Additional methods of research of the cervical canal

Once during a gynecological examination Gynecological examination: an important component of women's health   women were identified with the changes from the cervix, they performed laboratory and endoscopic examinations.

Laboratory tests include the identification of infectious agents, cause an inflammatory process and its sensitivity to antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? As well as the Pap smear (Pap smear). With Pap smear abnormalities can be seen in the structure of the epithelial cells of the cervix that can detect precancerous lesions and cancer in the early stages of development.

By endoscopic methods of investigation include colposcopy, a study of the mucous membrane of the cervix using a special optical device, a colposcope.

Every woman should undergo an annual preventive gynecological examination to detect cancer at an early stage of development.

Galina Romanenko