Endometriosis genitals (genital endometriosis) can be internal and external. For internal endometriosis include loss uterus and fallopian tubes, and the outer - all other organs - ovaries, retrotservikalnogo space, cervix, vagina, external genitalia and pelvic peritoneum.

How to start internal endometriosis and what happens while in the uterus and fallopian tubes

Internal endometriosis - is a very common disease that begins with hormonal disorders. In a woman's body produces a lot of estrogen that stimulate the growth of uterine lining. This leads to the fact that the rejection of a thick layer of the mucosa, there is a strong bleeding and mucosal cells (endometrium) are thrown into the deep wall of the uterus (in its muscular layer) and into the fallopian tube.

In the back of new tissue (muscle layer of the uterus and the wall of the fallopian tube) endometrial cells begin to multiply, forming pathological focus. If a woman is of childbearing age, the focus is increased during the first half of the menstrual cycle. Such disturbances can not be accompanied by immune disorders as normal immune cells destroy the endometrial cells entering in other tissues.

In the muscle layer of the uterus endometriosis may have a diffuse form (thickening of the uterine wall), or focal, in large or small units. Often the muscle fibers surrounding the site of endometriosis, grow and become inflamed, a condition called adenomyosis Adenomyosis - avoid constant stress . Germination pathological focus deep into the wall of the uterus may be the initial (superficial), moderate (up to the middle muscular layer) or complete (until the end of the muscle layer).

The disease usually develops in the destruction of the uterus or ovaries, altered mucosa cells enter the fallopian tube tissue with blood and lymph vessels. Endometrial tissue can be localized in the lumen of the fallopian tube or fully replace its mucosa. These changes should be distinguished from the mucous membrane pieces caught in the fallopian tube with menstrual blood.

Signs of internal endometriosis

The main symptoms of endometriosis uterus Symptoms of endometriosis uterus - they are every woman should know   are abdominal pain Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm?   and bleeding which can be both cyclic and acyclic. Bleeding these virtually untreatable, even scraping Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   the uterus does not bring relief.

Endometriosis Fallopian tubes manifested mainly infertility or ectopic (tubal) pregnancy.

Complications

The disease occurs on the background of hormonal and immune disorders that contribute to the development of benign and malignant tumors. The pathological lesion in the uterus and the fallopian tubes may be malignant (ozlokachestvlyatsya), with age and decreased hormonal activity the danger of degeneration of endometrial lesions in cancer is not reduced.

In addition, endometriosis in the uterus tends to germinate which can compromise the integrity of the wall (perforation) of the uterus. This is especially dangerous during pregnancy. Pathological tissue may grow in the intestinal wall (intestinal perforation, followed by narrowing its lumen due proliferating connective tissue), to destroy the blood vessel, causing excessive bleeding and so forth.

Patients suffering from this disease, prone to allergic reactions, which is due to hit the bloodstream products of tissue destruction, immune disorders, liver and other.

Diagnostics

Typically, the disease has a very characteristic appearance. Therefore, the gynecologist can put the preliminary diagnosis after questioning and examination of the patient. In addition, hosts a variety of diagnostic tests: ultrasound, endoscopy (hysteroscopy with access through the vagina, laparoscopy with access through the skin, which makes a few holes - it is carried out with the defeat of the fallopian tubes), blood tests for hormones and cancer markers, indicators of which increase with endometriosis.

Treatment

In contrast to the external forms of the disease, whose treatment begins with surgery, internal endometriosis begin treated conservatively with the help of individualized hormone therapy suppresses the secretion of estrogen. But if this treatment does not work, and when combined with endometriosis uterine fibroids (a benign tumor) is carried supravaginal hysterectomy. For small surface nodes are removed, cauterizing a different way.

In endometriosis, laparoscopic surgery is performed pipes, during which a variety of ways destroyed endometriosis.

Galina Romanenko

Internal adenomyosis - is a form of endometriosis, in which the endometrial tissue sites located within the muscle of the uterus - the myometrium. Adenomyosis may be diffuse (evenly distributed in muscle fibers) or focal (nodal). In the depths of the spread adenomyosis is divided into three levels.

Internal adenomyosis - what is it?

Endometriosis - the development of areas of the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium) in the tissue of other organs. The whole is divided into genital endometriosis (affects the genitals) and extra (any other affected organs, often located next to the sex, but perhaps defeated and distant organs).

Endometriosis is divided into external and internal. Internal endometriosis - this defeat uterus and fallopian tubes. The defeat of the uterus is also called adenomyosis - with the endometrial tissue sites located within the muscular layer of tissue. For external endometriosis External endometriosis - a mysterious disease   It is defeat all the other genital organs: the ovaries, cervix, vagina, external genitalia, and so on.

How and why to develop adenomyosis

The main reasons for the development of adenomyosis are hormonal disorders and immune disorders. With an excess in the body of female sex hormones estrogen there is excessive growth of the mucous membrane of the uterus (the endometrium).

When such an increase in volume mucosa is rejected, there is heavy menstrual bleeding and endometrial cells penetrate into the muscle of the uterus. There they are under the influence of estrogen in the first half of the menstrual cycle, proliferate, and then rejected, accompanied by bleeding. And as the blood and endometrial cells have nowhere to flow, they remain in the muscle tissue, leading to the development of the inflammatory process at first, accompanied by pain, and then the exchange-dystrophic process, which leads to the dysfunction of the myometrium and miscarriage Miscarriage - why you lose the most precious thing? .

In some cases, the contents of the sites of endometriosis is cast into the uterus and removed along with the menstrual blood. This suggests that the broken inner basal layer of the endometrium - it leads to the development of adhesions - strands of connective tissue proliferation of the uterine cavity.

But the casting of endometrial cells in other tissues are not a guarantee that these cells take root there. At normal immunity of foreign cells immediately destroyed by immune cells. Therefore, no immunity disorders adenomyosis development impossible.

It remains a mystery how the endometrial cells manage to penetrate the myometrium, bypassing the barrier - the basal layer of the endometrium. This is a very important issue, which is still unclear scientist. Establish a mechanism for getting endometrial cells in the muscle layer of the uterus, can be learned to prevent this process. Scientists just assume that the reason for this penetration can be genetic or congenital changes in the basal endometrium that result in violations of its permeability.

Another reason for the penetration of endometrial cells in myometrium called intrauterine pressure increase in the case, if the menstrual blood outflow path has a congenital or acquired obstruction. This can be congenital anomaly structure uterine too narrow cervical canal, uterine adhesions or cervical canal caused by inflammatory processes and gynecological procedures, and so on.

Internal adenomyosis - the main symptoms

Very often adenomyosis has no symptoms, in this case for the course of the disease just watch. In some cases, asymptomatic disease manifestation is replaced (the onset of symptoms). This is facilitated by factors such as abortion, obstructed labor, and various gynecological manipulation, inflammation, injury and so on. Sometimes adenomyosis immediately it manifests itself in the form of a number of characteristic symptoms

The main symptoms of adenomyosis Adenomyosis: Symptoms - what to expect from the body?   are pain and uterine bleeding Uterine bleeding outside of menstruation - a sign of a serious breach . Pain begins a few days before menstruation and are significantly reduced or a few days after it began. Pain may be constant aching in nature, to be replaced by strong spastic pains.

Uterine bleeding in most cases, are cyclical in nature (menorrhagia). Menstruation can be as a very abundant and less long and less abundant, but very long. Sometimes there and acyclic (intermenstrual) bleedings - metrorrhagia.

Regular significant blood loss leading to iron-deficiency anemia. Woman becomes lethargic, pale, reduced performance, impaired functioning of all organs and systems.

Adenomyosis - an internal genital endometriosis, which is characterized by the growth of endometriosis sites in the uterine wall.

Galina Romanenko