Leukocytes and their role in the human body

White blood cells - white blood cells is the main task - to protect the body, white blood cells - is the basis of immunity. Total leukocytes in average 4000 - 9000 in 1 l of blood (4-9h109 / l). White blood cells are divided into granules or granulocytes (their core has a granular structure) and nezernistye agranulocytes, the core of which has nezernistuyu structure, these types of white blood cells perform different tasks.

Granular leukocytes

Granular leukocytes (granulocytes) are divided into neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils operate phagocytosis function in the body - the penetration into the body of bacteria and viruses they 'swallow' them and dissolved - the so-called cell-mediated immunity. Phagocytosis by neutrophils helps develop the enzyme lysozyme and interferon antiviral agents. In turn, neutrophils are divided into mature forms (segmented neutrophils), are not fully mature (stab) and very immature (young). In general, the analysis of their blood taken to write in order, from left to right: young - stab - segmented. Therefore, an increase in neutrophils may shift (increase varying part thereof) to the left or right.

Eosinophils perform the function of protection against allergies, they absorb mediators - active substances which are released during allergic reactions such as histamine.

The main function of basophils - participate in immunological reactions (including inadequate allergic) delayed type.

Nezernistye leukocytes

Nezernistye leukocytes are divided into lymphocytes and monocytes. Lymphocytes - is the basis of humoral immunity. When ingested, viruses, bacteria, or other foreign protein particles (all have one common name - antigens) they produce antibody is intended for that particular antigen. Antibodies to the antigen gluing, form insoluble complexes which are then excreted.

Monocytes - these are the cells that eventually turn into macrophages. Macrophages are involved in cellular immunity (absorb viruses and bacteria) and humoral ("report to" lymphocytes that appear in the body "enemy").

What leukocytosis

Leukocytosis - is to increase the number of leukocytes. Leukocyte count depends on the rate of their formation and their mobilization from the depot to the bone marrow, where they are stored, as well as their utilization (usage and destruction) and migration into tissue (lesion). These processes are in turn influenced by a number of physiological factors, so the number of leukocytes in the blood of a healthy person is subject to fluctuations: it rises towards the end of the day, during physical exertion, emotional stress, taking protein foods, a sharp change in the ambient temperature.

Leukocytosis may be absolute or true (increasing production of white blood cells or leukocytes to mobilize reserves of bone marrow), and relative or redistributive (increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood as a result of their redistribution in the bloodstream or blood clots).

Increasing the number of cells to a few hundred thousand points to serious blood disease - leukemia, or leukemia. Most of these immature cells. Increasing the number of cells to a few tens of thousands observed in acute inflammatory and infectious processes.

Types of leukocytosis

Increasing the total number of leukocytes usually associated with increasing amounts of certain types of leukocytes, so leukocytosis may be neutrophilic, eosinophilic, basophilic, and increase in the number of lymphocytes (lymphocytosis) and monocytes (monocytosis).

• Leukocytosis appears in infectious and septic diseases. This is usually accompanied by leukocytosis, shift to the left - that is, an increase in the number of immature granulocytes (stab and young). This suggests that the body is working at the limit, trying to make as many neutrophils to protect themselves from infection.
• Eosinophilia occurs in allergic reactions, worms, at the stage of recovery from infectious diseases in certain types of blood disorders.
• Basophilic leukocytosis is rare, for example, in certain blood diseases, tumors, viral infections, delayed type allergic reactions.
• Lymphocytosis typical of infections with pathogens which are in the cells of affected tissues, such as viral hepatitis Viral hepatitis - Army disease   - In this case be produced by lymphocytes (T-killer cells) which destroy such cells. In addition, the lymphocytosis is whooping cough This pest, pest whooping ... , Severe blood diseases.
• Monocytosis characteristic of chronic infections, such as, for example, tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed , Viral infections (measles, rubella Rubella - it is better to be vaccinated , Chicken pox), certain blood disorders.

Mode of application

Curantil most effective when present in the blood at a constant amount, it should be taken regularly, this dosage, according to the prescribing physician.

Curantil recommended to take, without chewing, with a small amount of liquid, preferably on an empty stomach one hour before meals or two hours after a meal. To reduce nausea and heaviness in the stomach chimes can be taken with milk.

Dosage

Curantyl Dosage depends on the disease and the individual patient. Exactly follow the doctor's prescriptions and instructions on the packaging. The following information is for general cases. In no case do not change the dosage without the direct guidance of the doctor.

• For the treatment of coronary insufficiency assigned dose 150-225 milligrams per day, divided into 3 - 6 techniques (possibly in combination with oral anticoagulants or acetylsalicylic acid). Treatment should be prolonged, dose can be increased if needed and if tolerated.
• For the treatment of conditions which require significant inhibition of platelet adhesion and aggregation, the dose is in the range of 300-450 milligrams per day, divided into 3 - 6 stages. In severe cases, the total dose may be increased to 600 mmilligrammov.
• To prevent a recurrence, in sickly respiratory infection patients: 100 mg per day according to the scheme: 50 mg 2 times a day at intervals of 2 hours, 1 times a week for 8-10 weeks.
• For the prevention of thromboembolic syndrome, thrombosis of the stent and aortocoronary bypass grafts: the first day, 50 mg 4 times daily along with aspirin and then - 100 mg four times a day (canceled after 7 days after surgery subject to continued aspirin at a dose of 325 milligrams per day). Another possible scheme: 100 milligrams of the drug to 4 times a day for 2 days before surgery, and 100 milligrams of 1 hour after the operation (if necessary in conjunction with warfarin).
• For the treatment of chronic obliterating diseases of lower limb arteries: 75 milligrams 3 times a day; treatment 2-3 months (it is advisable to combine with low-dose aspirin).
• For diagnostic purposes: 300-400 milligrams directly during stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis -ehokardiografii or 45 minutes prior to injection of the radiopharmaceutical.

Missed dose

If you miss a dose, take it as soon as possible. If you need to quickly take the next dose, forget about the missed reception and follow the established mode of treatment. In no case do not double the dose.

Safekeeping

Keep chimes in a cool, dry, protected from light and the reach of children and pets at room temperature (25ºC). Permitted short-term storage at a temperature of 15-30ºC). Do not store medication in the bathroom. Do not flush unused product or its residues in the toilet or sink. Shelf life - 1 year 6 months. After expiry dispose of the drug according to instructions.

Precautions and special instructions

Curantil sometimes used in conjunction with anticoagulants (drugs inhibiting blood clotting and prevents the formation of blood clots) or aspirin. Such a drug combination may provide better protection against thrombus formation than the use of either agent alone. Nevertheless, the combination of curantyl with aspirin may increase the risk of bleeding. Use these tips to reduce the risk of bleeding:

• Do not take in combination with Curantylum aspirin or any drug containing it if it is not explicitly prescribed by your doctor. This is especially important if, together with Curantylum you accept and anticoagulants.
• If your doctor has prescribed aspirin in combination with Curantylum, aspirin use is strictly in the indicated dosage of a physician. If you need to relieve the pain or take the temperature, your doctor may recommend other drugs.
• Curantil in combination with aspirin can be taken only under medical supervision.
• Be sure to tell your doctor who pass the examination (including dental), that the chimes are taking in combination with anticoagulants or aspirin.
• When rising from a lying or sitting may occur dizziness, weakness or loss of coordination of movements, so you need to get up slowly.

Side effects

When using therapeutic doses, side effects are usually not expressed and are transient in nature, usually disappear with longer use of the drug. When one or more of the following side effects should see a doctor:

Rarely

• chest pain;
• tachycardia;
• bladder stones Urinary bladder - structure and function ;
• a sense of swelling of the neck;
• yellowing of the whites of the eyes and skin.

These side effects indicate the organism's adaptation to the drug and should disappear after a short time. If this does not happen, consult a physician.

Often

• stomach or intestinal cramps;
• diarrhea;
• nausea and dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet .

Infrequently

• flushing;
• headache;
• vomiting;
• weakness;
• lowering blood pressure;
• feeling stuffy ear and tinnitus;
• arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications ;
• myalgia;
• rhinitis;
• allergic reactions (rash, urticaria, bronchospasm strong, angioedema);
• during surgery in rare cases increased bleeding during or after surgery.

If any of these instructions are compounded by the side effects, or if you notice any other side effects not mentioned in the instructions, inform your doctor.