Hemoglobin - is iron-containing protein, coupled to the red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Hemoglobin binds oxygen in the lungs changes it into cells and carbon dioxide CO2 and moves back to the lungs, which exhalation.

That contact hemoglobin with carbon dioxide or oxygen, depending on their relative concentration over the erythrocyte.

High levels of hemoglobin - is not the same as the high level of red blood cells, because the amount of hemoglobin in red blood cells varies. Considered normal hemoglobin level of 12.5 to 15.5 g / dL for women and from 13.5 to 17.5 g / dl in men. In children, the rate depends on the age, sex and weight.

Too low level of hemoglobin leads to a general decrease in activity, a decline in strength, poor concentration. A person with low hemoglobin levels are difficult exercise.

There are several tools to increase hemoglobin.

Chitosan

The structure of chitosan, which is derived from marine crustaceans, similar to the structure of cellulose - complex plant carbohydrates: it consists of interconnected glucose molecules. Nutritional supplements with chitosan to help boost hemoglobin.

Iron, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid (vitamin B9), and vitamin C.

For the normal course of all biological processes are necessary, many nutrients. With their lack of processes, including the production of hemoglobin, is slowing. These substances are essential for the development and normal functioning of hemoglobin. They need to be taken in doses:

• Iron - 20 mg per day
• Vitamin B6 - 50 mg
• Vitamin B12 - 1500 mcg (micrograms)
• Folic acid - 500 micrograms
• Vitamin C - 1000 mg

Food as medicine

Food additives - it's wonderful, but they are no substitute for a healthy diet Healthy eating - do not limit yourself to eating . Vitamins and minerals are much better absorbed from food than from the tablets, it is therefore important to know from which products can be obtained various nutrients.

• Iron: oysters, mussels Mussels: the benefits and harms of seafood Enriched cereal porridge, molasses, green leafy vegetables, tomato paste, dhal, dried apricots. (Red meat, too much iron, but it is not recommended for some health problems, such as kidney disease).
• Vitamin B6: muesli, whole grain, fortified cereals, liver, tuna, sunflower seeds, lentils, beans, avocado, peas, nuts, bananas.
• Vitamin B12: poultry, shellfish, fish, eggs, soy milk, shellfish.
• Folic acid: spinach, beans, asparagus, peas, lentils, turnip greens, meat offal, oranges, cantaloupe, pineapple, grapefruit, bananas Bananas: the benefits and harms health , Raspberries, strawberries, corn, tomatoes, beets, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, Chinese cabbage, baker's yeast, sunflower seeds.
• Vitamin C: guava, red peppers, Brussels sprouts, citrus juices, papaya, kiwi, black currant, mango, cabbage, broccoli, strawberries, lychees, oranges.

Herbs

• Ashwagandha or sunny cape gooseberry - Indian plant that is used for thousands of years in traditional medicine. It not only stimulates the production of hemoglobin, but also reduces inflammation, calms the nerves and has a tonic effect on the entire body.
• Dong Qui - herbs that are used in traditional Chinese medicine Traditional Chinese medicine and treatment for problem skin Which also helps to increase the level of hemoglobin.
• Nettle - a real natural multivitamin complex. It contains iron, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B, vitamin K, calcium, magnesium, potassium, selenium, zinc and other substances. Drink decoction of nettles, to increase hemoglobin and improve overall health, but abuse, as some substances contained in it significantly increases blood clotting, which can lead to the formation of blood clots in people with a predisposition to thrombophlebitis and other diseases of the veins.

Thymol (timoloveronalovaya) sample - is a biochemical test that allows us to estimate the liver's ability to synthesize proteins. But the ratio of the latter in serum may vary not only in various diseases of the liver, but also in some other conditions.

What is thymol test

Most plasma proteins produced in liver cells. These organic materials perform a variety of functions:

• Support the oncotic pressure of the blood and make it a constant volume;
• Are involved in blood clotting;
• Are part of a buffer system of blood, i.e. its pH is maintained at a constant level;
• Transferred to the tissues, some substance (cholesterol, bilirubin) and drugs (salicylates, penicillin).

There are five protein fractions of blood serum albumin, α1 - globulin, α2 - globulins, β - globulins, γ - globulins. By reducing the functions of the liver, malnutrition or malabsorption of protein in the intestine decreases the amount of albumin. Elevated levels of globulins often observed in diseases of the liver and connective tissue, acute and chronic infections, some tumor processes.

If the ratio of the major protein fractions changed under certain actions they may precipitate. Such a reaction is called a colloidal instability. Thymol test helps to identify these violations before the first signs of the disease.

How is thymol test

Blood for thymol pass in the morning on an empty stomach. A minimum of eight hours before that you can not eat. At the same time, you can only drink water, it is not recommended to drink tea, coffee or juice.

To 6 ml medinalovogo veronal buffer solution (acidity equal to 7, 8) were added 0, 1 ml of serum of the patient and a saturated solution of thymol. The mixture was allowed to stand for half an hour. Then determine the turbidity of the solution photocolorimetry method. Intensity of turbidity may depend not only on the colloidal stability of the protein fractions, but also on the conditions in which the trial was conducted. These include the nature of the buffer solution, acidity, concentration, solution temperature thymol, and its degree of purity.

But the essence of chemical processes occurring during the test, not completely clear. It is believed that the sample becomes positive in the following situation: When the amount of albumin is reduced, and the concentration of β - globulins, γ - globulins and lipoproteins associated with β - globulins increases.

What do the results

In the early stages, it becomes positive when the first signs of the disease are not yet available. Therefore, the biochemical test is important in the diagnosis of viral hepatitis, especially in preicteric period, or to detect or erased anicteric forms of the disease. When hepatitis A thymol test will be greatly enhanced.

When toxic hepatitis Toxic hepatitis - the impact of harmful substances on the liver   thymol test will also be positive. This disease occurs when the damaged liver tissue as a result of exposure to the various toxic substances. This form of hepatitis occurs in chronic alcoholism, poisoning metal compounds or drugs. Among the latter, particular importance is given to drugs that contain acetaminophen (many of antipyretic drugs), hormones, antidepressants, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, antihistamines, diuretics (diuretics), antibiotics. All of these toxic substances can also damage healthy cells of the liver, due to which the body ceases to adequately synthesize proteins.

With such serious diseases such as cirrhosis, normal liver cells are replaced by connective tissue. This disrupts the function of the body, including protein-synthetic ability. Therefore thymol test will be positive.

When obstructive jaundice, which develops due to violation of the outflow of bile (eg, cholelithiasis), the sample is negative. But if there is a condition for a long time and involved in the pathological process of liver tissue, it becomes positive.

These include diseases such as:

• Systemic lupus erythematosus;
• Systemic scleroderma Scleroderma - affects all the organs   (a disease characterized by skin lesions, musculoskeletal system, and internal organs);
• Dermatomyositis (systemic failure of the muscles and skin);
• Sjogren's disease (loss of the salivary and lacrimal glands);
• Rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications   (inflammation of the joints, mostly small);
• Ankylosing spondylitis (inflammatory disease of intervertebral joints, which results in fusion of them);
• Wegener's granulomatosis (defeat of the walls of small and medium-sized blood vessels in a process involving the upper respiratory tract, lungs, kidneys and eyes);
• Periarteritis nodosa (inflammation of the arterial system of small and medium diameter);
• Takayasu's arteritis (aortic and going from her large vessels having an inflammatory character);
• Goodpasture's disease (a disease that affects the capillaries in the lung and kidney);
• Horton's disease (inflammation of the branches of the carotid artery);
• Rheumatocelis Vasculitis - when blood vessels refuse to work   (systemic vascular inflammation, which is manifested by small hemorrhages in the skin, pain in the joints, glomerulonephritis, and the defeat of the digestive tract).

Severe kidney disease is usually accompanied by nephrotic syndrome. It includes proteinuria (urinary loss of more than five grams of protein per day), decrease in albumin and increase in the amount of lipoproteins in serum, swelling. Because of this, thymol test will also be positive.

Increase of this indicator also registered in malaria, mononucleosis, diseases of the digestive system (eg, pancreatitis), and excessive use of fats from food.

Despite the fact that there are more reliable methods for the diagnosis of liver diseases, thymol test continued to be used. In the early stages of the disease in conjunction with other methods of investigation it can give enough information about the state of the patient.