Repeated breast cancer occurs when, after treatment in women remaining cancer cells. They may be stored, both in the mammary gland (even if it is completely removed, the cancer cells may remain in the postoperative scar) and in nearby lymph nodes as well as in distant organs and tissues.

Why and where there may be a second breast cancer

Repeated breast cancer (breast cancer - breast cancer) may have a relapse of treated disease or new tumor. Relapses of the disease is usually associated with incomplete destruction of tumor cells. For example, it is well established that even in the earliest stages of the disease only the removal of the tumor along with adjacent tissue (sectoral resection of breast cancer) often leads to relapse of the disease. If at this stage the entire breast removed (mastectomy), relapses occur much less frequently.

The development of new tumors contribute to such predisposing factors as family history (close relatives had breast cancer), unhealthy lifestyle (smoking, alcohol abuse), violation of hormonal, endocrine diseases (particularly obesity), various gynecological pathology, high loads and stress. That is, everything that contributed to the development and initial tumor.

Recurrences of breast cancer can occur in the breast, where there was a primary tumor and its surrounding tissues (e.g., in the chest), the nearby lymph nodes or distant organs (lung, liver, brain, bones and so forth). The new tumor can occur in other parts of the same breast or the opposite breast.

Signs of breast cancer recurrence

One of the signs of breast cancer recurrence may be the appearance of dense painless hillocky touch nodule at the site of tumor removal. Relapse may also occur in the form of the appearance of the skin of the breast redness, swelling, peeling or itching, pain, thickening of the skin of the breast in the form of orange peel. In some cases, the skin may appear swollen, red velvety rash, non-healing ulcers.

But these symptoms are common to other diseases, such as mastitis or eczema Eczema - is difficult to treat . To understand what is, relapse or a completely different disease, the doctor can only. Thus, the appearance of the slightest changes of the operated breast should immediately contact a doctor.

Relapse may occur in nearby lymph nodes, if they have not been removed. In this case, lymph nodes increase in size and become dense, can be slightly painful.

Finally, the recurrence of breast cancer can manifest itself in the form of distant metastases Metastasis - danger everywhere   in various organs and tissues. In most cases metastases arise in the bone, lung, liver and brain. Metastases in bone may occur aching in the bones of varying intensity - the appearance of this symptom should be the occasion for a visit to the doctor.

Brain metastases occur in different ways, depending on what part of the brain struck. But almost always appear headaches, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Impaired consciousness. There may be also a violation of coordination, seizures, hearing and visual impairment, and so on. With the defeat of the spinal cord may occur incontinence.

Liver is usually accompanied by a violation of its functions (digestive disorders, jaundice), and light - a cough, a bacterial infection.

Signs of a new tumor in the breast

The main feature of a new tumor in the breast is its location in a very different place. At the same time there are signs of the beginning of the disease in the breast, then affected the nearby lymph nodes, and only after some time there are metastases in distant tissues.

How to identify a second breast cancer

It carries out a comprehensive examination of the patient. Inspect the mammary gland (ultrasound, mammography Mammography - protection against breast cancer MRI, biopsy with repeated cytology or histology laboratory studies), chest X-ray, bone scan, pelvic ultrasound and the liver, the study of tumor markers.

Treatment

Treatment is carried out by a specially developed individual plan. It will be based on the results of the examination and may include surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

In order not to see the recurrence of breast cancer, you must constantly monitor your oncologist. This ensures that a relapse is diagnosed and treated in time.

Galina Romanenko

Cyst of breast cancer refers to a rather frequent pathology. Upon detection of breast cysts is necessary to puncture it, in order to exclude malignancy and in a timely manner to carry out his treatment. Patients are naturally afraid of this manipulation, though it is virtually painless and in 80% of cases confirmed benign breast cysts. And yet, puncture the cyst of the breast is the most important diagnostic procedures, as soon as it is practically 100% of the confirmed diagnosis.

What puncture breast

Lactocele a pouch filled with liquid. When breast cyst aspiration puncture produce this formation, usually a thin needle, and take the contents (liquid) to cytology. The main objective is to identify the cytology of atypical (cancerous) cells, which are easily recognizable. Puncture of the cyst of the breast can be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Medical or therapeutic puncture is complete suction contents cyst wall formation and then fallen down and stick together.

Terms for puncture

Approximately one week before the procedure, the patient is recommended to refrain from taking aspirin and anticoagulants (that is, drugs that thin the blood and may increase bleeding). Puncture is contraindicated in breast cyst during pregnancy and breastfeeding, as well as the presence of allergic reactions Allergic reactions: how to understand why you tickle in the throat   on painkillers.

How is manipulation

Usually, cysts puncture breast performed on an outpatient basis. The procedure itself is virtually painless and requires no anesthesia, if the puncture is performed fine (hypodermic) needle. If aspiration needle puncture thick skin at the site of the proposed procedure anesthetized local anesthetics (lidocaine, procaine). Puncture of cysts in the breast sizes of Education held a half to two centimeters. Before the procedure necessarily doctor examines and palpate the breast, detects visible changes of the skin (ulceration, redness, induration or shrinkage).

Before manipulations necessary to perform the following diagnostic procedures: breast ultrasound, mammography Mammography - protection against breast cancer   and pneumocystography. If education is defined quite easily, then puncture the cyst was performed on the touch. In difficult cases, breast cysts punctured under the control of ultrasound.

After puncture

After the manipulation of the patient can observe slight spotting Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology   from the puncture site or moderate painful phenomena in a few days. If the pain is troublesome, it is possible attachment to the place of puncture a piece of ice or receiving analgesic drugs (except those, which include aspirin).

After puncture of breast cysts its contents compulsory sent to cytology. Cytology almost always reveals abnormal cells (this cyst fluid stain special reagents). Probably and absence of abnormal cells in a punctate obtained that does not give an absolute guarantee good quality of the process (possibly fence material was produced from the same breast tissue). In such cases, it is recommended to removal of the cyst followed by histological examination of the material.

In some cases, puncture the cyst of the breast is not carried out

There are three cases where prohibited and dangerous conduct puncture of breast cysts. These include:

• If other diagnostic procedures reliably established the presence of metastasis Metastasis - danger everywhere   in the mammary gland or recurrence of disease;
• there are no conditions for the safe puncture of the breast;
• holding manipulation can affect the course of further treatment of pathology of the breast.

Anna Sozinova