For each healthy and not pregnant women tend to cyclical changes taking place in the body, accompanied by the onset of menstruation. Such changes occur regularly on a monthly basis and through an established period of time. If there is a delay in the menstrual cycle, it is necessary to find out the possible cause of the condition. For this purpose, should be assigned a full examination, including laboratory and instrumental methods as causal factors of these disorders differ cycle variety.

What can disrupt cyclicity

Normal duration of the cycle in a woman to be no more than thirty-five days. If the duration between periods increased to several months (three months), the violation is called opsomenorreya or infrequent menstruation. Increasing the interval between periods due to a certain level of disturbances in a complex neuroendocrine system. A strong influence on the character of the menstrual cycle have psychological trauma, stress. Any emotional distress experienced by negative emotions Emotions and culture: how to decipher the emotional code , Psychological stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   can cause malfunctions - the next menstruation begins, after a long delay. Against the background of the effect of eliminating the causative factor normalization cycle.

Effect on cycle have available inflammation in organs of the female reproductive system. The woman complained that menstruation does not occur in a timely manner, changes the amount of blood lost by the (scant spotting Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology   in the form of "spotting") .  Also typical is pain, often pain aching or pulling character, may be permanent .  Most of these changes are observed in the cycle when the inflammatory process with the defeat of the endometrium .  Inflammatory changes caused by the reactive process of the mucosa and underlying layers (endomyometritis phenomenon), so there is no rejection of the endometrium throughout the .  As a consequence, scanty and irregular menstruation .  If the inflammation is localized in the uterus, the disturbances in the form of a delay of the menstrual cycle are due to low hormone levels .  Affected inflammatory process, the ovaries do not produce at the proper level of sex hormones, changes their regulation, so there is no corresponding hormonal effects on the endometrium .  In a situation where there is a delay in the cycle of inflammatory changes recommended to take a full course of therapy, taking into account the identified causative agent .  To this end, have to be carried out blood tests and vaginal secretions to clarify the infectious nature of the disease .

Violations of the delay menstruation are a common symptom of hormonal pathology. In clinical practice often have to deal with such violations in polycystic ovaries or PCOS. The disease is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations, but, despite this, the changes in the reproductive system, manifested delays are in first place in frequency of occurrence. The reason for their appearance is as follows:

• there are changes at the genetic level (the disease is genetically determined disease), resulting in impaired production of sex hormones
• changes affect enzymatic activity, develop fermentopathy and disturbance of steroidogenesis occurring in the ovaries. This pathological condition is also hereditary

Delayed menstruation is caused by hormonal disorders. These hormonal changes are the basis of infertility and miscarriage ensuing pregnancy, which are a common complication of the disease. When handling patients with complaints of delay menstruation is necessary to conduct a thorough physical examination to identify clinical manifestations of hormonal imbalance. On the skin, it will manifest the appearance of acne Acne: facial trouble , Excessive hair growth in certain areas of the body, stretch marks, or striae in the hips and abdomen. Also, there are a variety of metabolic disorders, which are manifested by the presence of increased body weight and other signs of altered lipid, carbohydrate metabolism.

In some cases, the delay of menstruation may be the norm

In most cases, the delay of the menstrual cycle is regarded as a pathological condition. But there are cases when this condition is the physiological norm. Primarily it is a pregnancy. With the development of the ovum begins the physiological alteration of the entire body of a woman who leads a temporary cessation of menstrual function. The first thing to do when a woman asked to accept the delay, it is to exclude pregnancy. In addition to physical examination in the laboratory diagnosis methods help (urinary test hormone levels in the blood). The urinary test will be positive for the first five days of the expected delay menstruation. If there is a delay, the test may be waived.

Physiologically marked delay menstruation during the entry of women in the perimenopausal period, ie immediately before menopause. First, there are delays of up to several months, and further increases the period of six months or more. It was during this period of hormonal imbalance of the body may become pregnant. Women should be explained that irregular menstruation does not mean that now is the extinction of reproductive function. This period is very demanding, because of how it will proceed depends hereinafter nature menopausal symptoms.

Marina Solovyov

The main problems with delayed menstruation Delayed menstruation - when to sound the alarm?   occur in cases of suspected pregnancy. In this case, much better to worry about the prevention of pregnancy, if for some reason there was unprotected sex. Calling the month after the pregnancy has already begun, it can be deadly for women.

How to avoid an unwanted pregnancy - Emergency prevention

Sometimes such prevention is vital, such as after rape or after the usual means of contraception have failed, for example, the condom broke, and the woman to health (and sometimes for family reasons) can not currently have children.

For emergency prevention of pregnancy produced special hormonal contraceptives, one of which is postinor Postinor - used very carefully! , Which includes a synthetic analogue of the female hormone progesterone.

The mechanism of action of drugs for emergency prevention of pregnancy is progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   and its analogs inhibit the action of the female sex hormone estrogen, thereby inhibiting the maturation of the egg, its exit from the ovary and fertilized by sperm. Furthermore, under the action of progesterone analogue changes occur in the mucosa of the uterus, which prevent its introduction into the embryo when fertilization does occur. If the embryo has already been introduced in the uterine lining, the postinor may not prevent pregnancy. It is believed that the effectiveness of such prevention of pregnancy is on average about 85% of cases, but it decreases with increasing time between sexual intercourse and reception postinora 95% during the first 24 hours, 85% - from 24 to 48 hours, and 58% - from 48 to 72 hours.

How could move emergency prevention of pregnancy using Postinor

Postinor taken orally. To increase the effectiveness of the drug in the first 72 hours of unprotected intercourse to take two tablets postinora intervals from 12 to 16 hours (preferably 12). The first tablet is best taken as soon as possible after intercourse. If within three hours after the first or second reception postinora vomiting occurred, it is necessary to take another tablet. Receive Postinor emergency does not depend on the phase of the menstrual cycle. After receiving Postinor before menstruation for contraception should be used only barrier methods (eg, condoms).

Note: re-apply postinor for emergency prevention of pregnancy for one menstrual period is contraindicated, as this may lead to inter-menstrual bleeding.

Side effects when taking Postinor and contraindications for its reception

When using hormonal contraceptives for emergency prevention of pregnancy in women can experience various allergic reactions, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, fatigue, tenderness, breast tenderness, missed period (not more than a week, if more, want to exclude pregnancy), intermenstrual bleeding or spotting.

Overdose Postinor is strengthening its side effects.

Contraindications are Postinor pregnancy (however, negative effects on the fetus is not revealed), breast-feeding Breastfeeding - a personal choice   feeding, age and 16 years of age, severe liver disease, certain congenital disorders of the digestive processes and individual intolerance of components. Care should be taken when appointing Postinor nursing mothers (breast-feeding should be discontinued for the next 24 hours), patients with diseases of the liver and biliary tract, as well as patients with ulcerative processes in the intestine.

And what if the pregnancy has already occurred?

In this case, you need to see a doctor. If you want to terminate a pregnancy, it is best to do this in the early stages. This will cause less harm to the body of women. Today a woman can terminate a pregnancy in the early stages with the help of vacuum abortions (mini-abortions), or using a tablet abortions - hormonal tablets. And he and the other way to cause minimal damage to the body of woman. On the longer the later stages (before 12 weeks) can be instrumental abortion.

Independently cause bleeding if pregnancy has already occurred, it is very dangerous. Against the background of such interruptions may occur severe bleeding, infections may also be included into the uterus and persistent violation of hormonal background. All this will eventually lead to infertility cure that will be very problematic.

Galina Romanenko