The periods of the menstrual cycle

The question of whether it is possible to get pregnant while having sex during menstruation, many women are interested in. The answer to this question can only be accurately representing what is happening in women throughout the menstrual cycle. Such knowledge will allow a woman like to practice safe sex Safe Sex - Myth or Reality? And calculate the best time for conception Conception, ovarian cycle, fertilization and genetics of a child   child.

The menstrual cycle a woman has an individual duration of 21 to 35 days. In addition, it can be from one month to a different duration, and these vibrations are sometimes quite significant. Perfect woman's menstrual cycle consists of 28 days, which can be divided into three phases.

The first phase - follicle. The follicles (bubble) is the egg, which matures during the first half of the menstrual cycle under the influence of ovarian hormones estrogen. A woman has a menstrual cycle of 28 days, the duration of the first period is 14-15 days.

The second phase - Ovulation: mature egg follicles and breaks out into the abdominal cavity, and then - in the fallopian tubes to meet sperm. The egg remains viable for one day after ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? Ovulation during a 28-day menstrual cycle occurs 15-16 hours. Most woman feels like the egg comes out, her pain in the lower abdomen from interested ovary (usually egg matures in one of the ovaries).

The third phase - the formation at the site ruptured follicle endocrine glands - yellow body, which begins to produce the female sex hormone progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . The task of progesterone - to maximize the mucous membrane of the uterus so that it infiltrated the fertilized egg and to prevent maturation of new follicles. This phase begins right after ovulation and lasts until the end of the menstrual cycle (17-28 days). If the fertilized egg in the uterus is not implemented by the end of the third phase of the corpus luteum shrinks and ceases to function, as well as the lining of the uterus is deprived of hormonal support, it is rejected, exposing blood vessels, - menstruation begins at the same time a new menstrual cycle.

In some periods of the menstrual cycle, it is impossible to get pregnant

If you examine the menstrual cycle, we can see that, from the second day after ovulation in a woman's egg is not, which means that pregnancy is absolutely impossible. This period (from 17 to 28 per day during a 28-day menstrual cycle) is called the period of absolute sterility, to get pregnant at this time is impossible.

But there is a time and a relative sterility - this is the first phase of follicle maturation. Why is this possible, if the egg is not yet ripe? The fact that the sperm remain viable in the woman's body for a relatively long time (sometimes up to a week), in connection with which he has a chance to wait for the time when the egg is released from the ovary and fallopian tube will be. Therefore, if menstrual bleeding lasts about a week, at the end of his sex ceases to be safe.

The menstrual cycle and pregnancy are two interrelated processes. It is known that only in normal (regular) menstrual cycle in women it is possible to conceive, carry and give birth to a child. Any menstrual disorder significantly reduce her chances of fertilization, so the functioning of the organism and the presence of chronic diseases and stress depends not only on the overall health of women and the state of her health, and her reproductive function. In addition, the chance of getting pregnant is directly related to the day of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases .

The follicular phase of the menstrual cycle

Follicular (proliferative phase) is the first phase of the menstrual cycle begins with the first day of menstruation. At this stage of the female body has two objectives: the main follicle maturation and complete clearance from the contents of the uterus (the decidua) from the previous cycle. Action follicular phase takes place under the control of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), which is synthesized by the pituitary gland. Under the influence of FSH in the ovaries begin to produce estrogens, are responsible for the growth and maturation of follicles.

In each menstrual cycle, a woman at the same time begin to mature around 20 follicles, one of which becomes the main, precisely because it will mature egg. At this stage lining of the uterus begins to recover and grow, there is rapid growth of glands and increased blood flow in the endometrium. The duration of the first phase of the menstrual cycle corresponds to about half the length of the cycle. In the middle of the cycle (about the fourteenth day) ovulation occurs.

Ovulation

After the egg in the dominant follicle has reached a maximum maturity, the hypothalamus sends signals to the pituitary gland, which reduces the production of follicle stimulating hormone secretion and starts luteinizing hormone (LH). Under the influence of the LH main burst follicle and mature egg is released into the abdominal cavity. This process is called ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? . Without ovulation, fertilization is impossible, and thus pregnancy. As noted above, ovulation occurs in the middle of the menstrual cycle. After the egg fell into the abdominal cavity, it tends to penetrate into the lumen of the fallopian tube to meet sperm. For successful conception Conception, ovarian cycle, fertilization and genetics of a child   and subsequent pregnancy should take into account the period of viability egg (about 24 hours). The moment of ovulation and the next day after it considered the most favorable days for the possibility of getting pregnant.

Luteal phase of the menstrual cycle

Luteal (secretory phase) of the menstrual cycle is the second phase and proceeds under the control of LH. Under the influence of luteinizing hormone on the spot ruptured follicle forms the corpus luteum of menstruation, which begins to synthesize progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology . Progesterone provides a friability of endometrial and fills it with liquid and nutrients. These processes are aimed at the preparation of the functional layer of the mucous membrane to the adoption of a fertilized egg (implantation). In addition, progesterone reduces the contractile activity of the muscle layer of the uterus, ie it prevents expulsion of the fertilized egg from its cavity. After implantation (attachment of a fertilized egg to the uterus), corpus luteum grows and becomes the corpus luteum of pregnancy. Its mission is to further the synthesis of progesterone and the continuation of the pregnancy.

If fertilization has occurred

If fertilization has occurred, the corpus luteum regresses and menstruation disappears. The level of progesterone in the body decreases dramatically in the lining of the uterus occur circulatory disorders (blood does not flow in the blood vessels of the endometrium, it subsides, and starts bleeding or menstruation). The composition discharge during menstruation the functional layer includes particles of endometrium and blood. Since the beginning of the menstrual bleeding begins a new menstrual cycle.

Anna Sozinova