What is amenorrhea?

The term "amenorrhea» («a» -otritsanie (Gr.) + «Men» - «month» + «rhoia» - «for») - literally means "the absence of menstruation." At first glance it seems that the diagnosis of amenorrhea is very simple - the woman has a month, or they are not. Meanwhile, amenorrhea is not in itself a disease, but rather a symptom. The absence of menstruation can be caused by a variety of reasons, so it is very important to the true cause of amenorrhea.

The absence of menstruation - an abnormal phenomenon which necessarily has a cause. Women often do not survive because of the unexplained absence of menstruation and recognized the gynecologist, so even more comfortable, and the absence of menstruation bothered them only if they planned to conceive and give birth to a child. In this case, to stimulate ovulation can always take a course of drug therapy.

Undoubtedly, there is nothing in the menstrual pleasant, and you can not blame women that they want to get rid of it. But let's face it: the absence of menstruation - is a pathology. Menstruation - the body's natural process of life of each non-pregnant women, and the absence of the process indicates that some important mechanisms have broken down in the body, or there is something unnatural. This phenomenon requires research and treatment. Moreover, the absence of menstruation greatly increases the probability of developing osteoporosis.

What to do?

In the event of termination of menstruation for no apparent reason, or absence of menstruation after stopping provozachatochnyh tablets should immediately consult a gynecologist. Most of the reasons for the absence of menstruation is not too serious, but before you start treatment, you eliminate the possibility of more serious diseases.

If the results of medical examinations and tests indicate that amenorrhea is not a symptom of a serious disease, this section is for you. In such cases, the doctor advises the patient often "wait" or resume taking birth control pills (a form of treatment). It's one of those situations when it is better to use natural treatments. Correction of diet, supplementation of vitamin deficiency and minerals, herbal medicine Phytotherapy and menopause - without the side effects   help restore the imbalance that causes amenorrhea.

It is also important to pay attention to weight - whether it is normal, because the deviation in any direction (obesity or dystrophy) can cause menstrual irregularities, including amenorrhea.

Frequent diet lead to shortages of essential nutrients. The same result is obtained by chronic stress.

Birth control pills also violates the mechanism of absorption of nutrients, which leads to a deficiency of B vitamins, particularly B2, B6, B12 and folic acid. It is known that taking the contraceptive pill upsets the balance of zinc and copper levels in the body. The result - too high copper levels and low zinc content. This imbalance persists for some time after you stop taking the tablets regularly. Zinc is essential for normal functioning of the female reproductive system.

For the treatment of amenorrhea Treatment of amenorrhea - should begin as soon as possible   applied drug therapy and surgery.

Embodiments medication

• The treatment of certain diseases. Thyroid and adrenal glands, pituitary tumors amenable to medical treatment.
• Stimulation of progesterone. In this case, the patient makes a course of injections of progesterone (typically seven injections) or receiving progesterone administered in tablet form. Menstruation begins when suddenly lowered levels of progesterone in the body. This treatment is not effective for patients with pituitary tumors, patients who have their ovaries removed, and women who have experienced a lot of stress. Stimulation of progesterone usually restores menstrual cycle, if the amenorrhea is caused by stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   and lasts long.
• Hormone therapy. Hormonal pills is recommended for young girls with underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics. Hormone therapy helps to normalize puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path   girl.

Indications for surgical treatment of amenorrhea

• Pathology of the vagina. If the hymen (a thin membrane in the vagina) no holes, menses can not pass out every month. To remedy this situation, in Pleven make a small incision for the outflow of menstrual fluid. This is an easy operation that does not require hospitalization. Normal discharge of menstrual fluid can also prevent muscular partition of the vagina, which is removed surgically.
• The absence of the uterus and vagina. In the absence of the uterus and vagina patient form a new vagina. This procedure makes a patient who wants to continue to lead an active sex life.
• Tumors. Tumors of the vagina and uterus were removed surgically. This operation can be mild or severe, depending on the size and location of the tumor.
• Tumors of the pituitary gland. For the treatment of patients with pituitary tumor should be combined surgical and medical treatment.

Menstrual cycle

The menstrual cycle - is a complex physiological process, characterized by cyclic changes in women that are repeated at regular intervals of time (21-35 days), and externally manifested by regular uterine bleeding (menses).

Characterization of the normal menstrual cycle:

• the duration of 3-7 days of menstruation;
• the interval between periods 21-35 days;
• blood loss during menstruation 60-120 ml.

Signs of menstrual disorders:

• increasing the duration of the interval between periods (& gt; 35 days) or shortening (
• increase in blood loss greater than 80 ml (flow rate 4 or more spacers per day);
• bleeding elongation (over 7 days);
• the occurrence of bleeding Spotting - it is important to rule out pathology   in mid-cycle;
• appearance of abdominal pain in menses, premenstrual days or in the middle of the menstrual cycle.

But a woman's life, there are three stages when the menstrual cycle is not a sign of disease. These include: the establishment of menstrual function at the age of 12-16 years, pregnancy and lactation, and menopause (45-55 years).

Causes of menstrual disorders (etiology)

Menstrual function is very characteristic reflects the health of the woman, as in the regulation of the menstrual cycle play an important role not only the function of the ovaries, and the central nervous and endocrine systems, as well as internal organs. Factors that cause violation of the cycle are:

• internal problems in the ovaries (congenital or acquired);
• diseases of the genital organs (adnexitis, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, ovarian, cervical or uterine body, endometriosis);
• breach location IUD, abortion (med. abortion, miscarriage);
• therapy with certain drugs;
• mental or neurological disease;
• infectious diseases;
• liver disease;
• impaired puberty Puberty child - stages of a complex path ;
• gynecological surgery;
• disruption of the endocrine system (thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus);
• stresses
• weakened immunity;
• obesity or exhaustion;
• climate change, the effects of radiation, excessive exposure to the sun.

Clinic menstrual disorders

• amenorrhea - absence of menstruation in women 18-45 years old for six months or more;
• algomenoreya - occurrence of abdominal pain during menstruation;
• hypomenstrual syndrome - a rare and meager monthly;
• cyclic menstrual disorders - too frequent or infrequent menstruation
• polimenoreya and oligomenorrhea Oligomenorrhea - too short menstruation   - Violation duration of menses (prolonged 7-12 days or too short, less than two days);
• metrorrhagia - acyclic uterine bleeding unrelated to the menstrual cycle;
• menorrhagia - cyclical uterine bleeding associated with the menstrual cycle (last more than 10-12 days);
• gipomenoreya and menorrhagia Menorrhagia (menorrhagia) - excessive blood loss   - The reduction or increase in the volume of lost blood (abundant or meager monthly);
• dysmenorrhea - the general status changes (headache, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, etc.).

Diagnosis of menstrual disorders

Often the diagnosis cycle disorders is difficult, since one and the same cause can cause different, often conflicting clinical manifestations. Stages of the survey include:

• initial inspection gynecology;
• Ultrasound to detect tumors, inflammation or congenital anomalies of the genital organs;
• hormonal tests (determination of the level of sex, adrenal hormones, thyroid hormones, etc.);
• inflammatory processes of sexual sphere commissioning tests for various infections;
• in difficult cases, using hysteroscopy (examination of the uterus) or laparoscopy;
• Consultation endocrinologist, psychologist and possible;
• curettage (applicable to parous women).

Treatment

The restorative treatment includes symptomatic and hormonal therapy. When massive bleeding or identify tumor mass requires surgical intervention. But the first place still takes hormone therapy. The objectives of the appointment of hormones - is to stop the bleeding, prevention of recurrence of bleeding, and the patient's rehabilitation.

Pay attention! By postponing his visit to the gynecologist, you will only aggravate their condition, which can not only lead to infertility, but also the emergence of cancer and other diseases.

Anna Sozinova