Formation of the concept of "manic depression" associated with the names of French psychiatrists of the 19th century and Falre Bayyarzhe. They combined the manic and depressive states in a clinical complex and established the general laws of their development and progression. In the future, the German psychiatrist E.Krepelin classify these states.

What is manic-depressive psychosis

Manic-depressive psychosis (MDP) is a cyclic change in the state of the psyche, which is closely related to the psycho-emotional state of the patient, which also varies cyclically: low mood (depression) is replaced by the state of over-excitement (mania). These states are separated by light intervals (intermissions), during which the patient's mental state is perfectly normal. TIR feature is that in this condition a person not suffering patient.

The frequency of the TIR among other mental illnesses Mental illness - ashamed to ask for help?   It ranges from 3 to 18%. The disease can manifest itself in various forms and are not always detected. More common in women after age 30, but the first manifestations of the disease are sometimes found in children and adolescents.

Most often the first manifestation of the TIR begin after 30 years, when a person goes to the load independent life. In women, the beginning of the TIR is often coincides with the onset of menstruation, childbirth and menopause. The disease begins slowly and it is very important at this time to notice the first signs of it and seek medical advice.

The first manifestations of the TIR - is a periodic change of mood - it becomes very unstable, the excitement gives way to depressed mood and vice versa. Gradually, these mood swings begin to take cyclical, with a bad mood usually lasts longer than high. It was only after some time (sometimes through the years) begins detailed picture of the disease.

The main reason - heredity

Manic-depressive psychosis is considered to be hereditary (genetic) disease. But not inherited by the disease itself, but a predisposition to it. If the family of the child had the disease TIR, the psychiatrists warn parents that this child should avoid stress and strong emotions Emotions and culture: how to decipher the emotional code : What is useful for the normal child, for a child with aggravated heredity can serve as a starting point for the onset of the disease. If you comply with these conditions throughout life, then the person can not get sick, but a predisposition to it TIR their children still pass.

And inherited by the constitution - a set of stable properties of the human body caused by heredity (genotype) and the duration of the intensity of the environment.

By constitutional personality type, predisposition to disease MIS are primarily people with cyclothymic or cycloid temperament, which is characterized by fluctuations between the high (hypomanic) and reduced (subdepressive) mood.

Another feature of the constitutional patients prone primarily to depression Depression - a little more than a bad mood Is ordering, seriousness, sense of duty, diligence, love of order, passing into mania.

Trigger start manic-depressive psychosis

A man may have family history, constitution and the right, however, not to get sick TIR. The other, not having such hereditary characteristics, TIR can occur after any traumatic event. Why is that?

The reasons there may be a few. First, not everyone knows what hurt their close relatives, sometimes by children is just hiding, and sometimes the disease is mild. Therefore, if the TIR appears among full health, psychiatrists trying to "dig out" genetic cause of the disease, but it is not possible to always, in this connection, increasingly question that TIR can be caused by different reasons that we are not always known.

Yet most people are ill with the TIR family history. For the time being, they look perfectly healthy. But after some, heavy for their events, gradually develop TIR. It can be stressful, too high a neuro-psychological load, any disease, abortion, childbirth and so on.

Studies in recent years, studies have shown that manic-depressive illness may occur as a result of a variety of hereditary and, rarely, acquired changes in the psyche. Therefore, for such people is very important emotional background sparing the environment, the absence of any stresses and loads.

Galina Romanenko

  Mental disorders do not necessarily accompany the only mental illness. Often they occur against a background of any other disease and even in healthy people. At the same time, the initial signs of mental disorders can be manifestations of latent mental illness. Understand this can only be a psychiatrist.

Sensation and perception

Small child acquainted with the surrounding world with the help of sensations: it touches the subject sees it, is tasting. Gradually, the child begins to learn the subject - which means that all the sensations came together and reflected in the brain, a process called perception. Perception - is a complex process, which includes not only objects, but also the action, judgment, experience, and memory. Having the experience of sensations and perceptions, the child learns more: analyzes and synthesis of sensations. Feelings can be external (a person sees, hears, touches something) or internal, such as sensations emanating from the internal organs (pain). Inner feeling is much less concrete, for which the great Russian physiologist Sechenov called them "dark feelings."

Disorders of sensations and perceptions

Disorders of sensations and perceptions can manifest as delusions, hallucinations and psychosensory disorders. Feelings can be violated in some diseases of the nervous system Diseases of the nervous system - the basic classification When to the brain is not received or that information or disorder in the brain does not allow the analysis and synthesis of sensations, combining them in the perception and recognition. When mental illness sensation and perception can occur in the brain regardless of whether they are in reality.

Illusions - a false perception of real-world objects or phenomena. For example, the shadow on the wall is perceived as a ghost. Hallucinations - this is what is actually there, but the person perceives it as reality.

What psychosensory disorders and their types

Psychosensory disorder - a violation of the perception of the size and shape of an object or its parts. Psychosensory may take the form of:

• the value of the object of perception disorders (metamorphopsia) These include those in which the objects appear very large (macropsia) or small (micropsia);
• violation of the value of the surrounding space (porropsii), all objects appear either very remote or approximate;
• displacement of objects relative to the vertical or horizontal axis (dismegalopsii).

Psychosensory disorders can occur both individually and in various combinations.

What are the symptoms often associated with disorders psychosensory

Psychosensory disorders often appear concurrently with other mental disorder: disorders of body schema, the phenomena of derealization and depersonolizatsii.

The scheme of the body - is a complex image of their own body and its parts, which is formed in the brain based on feelings and perceptions. Violations of the body schema neurological disorders are usually associated with some processes in the brain. They may take the form of violations of the recognition of the fingers, violation of orientation in the left and right sides of the illusory existence of extra limbs, etc. When mental illness (such as schizophrenia) can appear distorted sense of shape, size and weight. Disorders of the body schema to be distinguished from psychosensory disorders - the difference is that when there is a change psychosensory disorders surrounding objects, not the body.

Depersonolizatsiya - a disorder of consciousness with the subjective feeling of alienation of the self. This condition is usually unaware of the patients and difficult experience. It is difficult to describe what they feel at the same time, their whole life is like a dream Dreams: how to understand our dreams All actions and movements are performed automatically, in severe cases there is complete loss of their own "I".

Derealization - a disorder of consciousness, which is expressed in a sense of unreality and strangeness sick world around him: all the surrounding objects and people are perceived as unreal, non-existent, ghost or strange, artificial, lost prominence. Voices and sounds are also becoming unreal, barely distinguishable.

Which diseases can arise psychosensory disorders

Psychosensory disorders can occur in different diseases of the central nervous system, for example, after traumatic brain injury, brain tumors, and so on. Furthermore, psychosensory disorder may be a sign of mental illness Mental illness - ashamed to ask for help? Such as schizophrenia or manic-depressive psychosis Manic-depressive illness - which phases are the most dangerous? .

Psychosensory disorders Treatment depends on the cause of the caller. Neurological disorders are treated by neurosurgeons and neurologists (if there is a need for surgery), and mental disorders - psychiatry.

The emergence psychosensory disorders must necessarily be a cause for consulting a doctor.

  Galina Romanenko