Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease

October 18, 2013

  • Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease
  • Symptoms
  • Diagnosis and treatment

 pulmonary sarcoidosis
 Sarcoidosis of the lungs - is the most common form of sarcoidosis. Why is this disease begins is unknown. Most new cases are young women. It is thought that multiple causes sarcoidosis. It has the value of heredity, state immunity, the various effects of the environment and so on.

 Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease

What is pulmonary sarcoidosis

Sarcoidosis - a systemic disease in which organs and tissues appear small inflammatory nodules - granulomas. Sarcoidosis of the lungs - a form of the disease, it can be an independent, and can be combined with other manifestations of systemic sarcoidosis. Despite the similar name, sarcoidosis has no relation to the cancer sarcoma. The term "sarcoidosis" appeared in the late 19th century because of the resemblance of skin changes with sarcoma.

Respiratory sarcoidosis occurs in the vast majority of patients with this systemic disease. This affects the lungs and nearby lymph nodes Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system  Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system
   (bronchopulmonary, tracheobronchial, intraperitoneal). It is often combined with pulmonary sarcoidosis is similar changes in other organs and systems. May be affected skin, nervous system, organs of vision, liver, spleen, kidneys, heart, bones and joints.

Sarcoidosis of the lungs often goes unnoticed and is detected only when the violation of the respiratory function. They suffer more often young women up to 40 years.

The disease is almost common in children and the elderly. An interesting fact is that sarcoidosis rarely occurs in smokers. But if the disease has already begun, smoking can greatly complicate its course.

A feature of sarcoidosis is the formation of multiple granulomas of epithelioid and giant cells. When resemblance to tuberculous granulomas, nodules of sarcoidosis is not characterized by the development of caseous necrosis and the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As the sarcoid granulomas coalesce into multiple small and large pockets. The foci of granulomatous lung concentrations violate its function and lead to the emergence of symptoms of sarcoidosis. The outcome of sarcoidosis is the resorption of granulomas or fibrosis of the affected organ.

 Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease

Sarcoidosis of the lungs - Causes

Until a few decades ago, it has been suggested that sarcoidosis - a form of TB caused by, attenuated mycobacteria. Today, it is well established that tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed  Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed
   and sarcoidosis - different diseases. Sarcoidosis - it is not an infectious disease, they can not be infected.

Nowadays, most researchers are of the opinion that sarcoidosis Sarcoidosis - how to protect themselves?  Sarcoidosis - how to protect themselves?
   - Polietiologic this disease, ie a disease caused by several factors. At the heart of it, most likely, it is a genetically modified organism reactivity - its response to different environmental impact. On the crucial role of heredity researchers brought the fact that there are familial cases of sarcoidosis.

In particular sarcoidosis lung disease may be the cause of the structural features of the respiratory and immune systems, combined with external factors such as permanent residence in a dusty environment, mine and so on. Nevertheless, the ultimate cause of the disease has not been established.

 Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease

What happens in the lungs in sarcoidosis

The walls of the bronchi and lungs are formed small inflammatory nodules - granulomas. The granulomas can be of two types:

  • The first type - stamped or sclerosing - small granulomas clearly demarcated from the surrounding tissue: they are surrounded by fibroblasts Fibroblasts: the mystery of the connective tissue  Fibroblasts: the mystery of the connective tissue
   - Connective tissue cells;
  • The second type - large granulomas, often without clear boundaries.

Granuloma formation control stage cytokines - molecules information. The disease is based on the reaction of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). During the activation of cytokines HRT vascular endothelium (inner shell wall of blood vessels). Thus the blood cells responsible for the inflammatory process (monocytes and lymphocytes), rush from the bloodstream and in tissues hearth HRT. There is also the activation by cytokines macrophage function (immune cells) located in the alveoli of the lungs, and tissue damage secretion products of activated macrophages. Stimulation of macrophages leads to the abnormal secretion of ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme which converts the inactive angiotensin I to the active angiotensin II and contributes to the blood pressure).

Simultaneously with granulomatous processes occur damage to the surrounding tissue granuloma - they violated the metabolic processes, and necrosis (dying) cells. If in the lungs and bronchi of the first type dominated granuloma, changes in the surrounding tissues is usually minor. But if the second type dominated granulomas in the lungs and bronchi develops considerable necrotic changes - lung tissue is disrupted and replaced by connective tissue. This leads to a decrease in respiratory function.

In rare cases, acute course of pulmonary sarcoidosis develop a serious defeat of the body with the development of granulomas in the lung tissue septa mezhalveolyarnyh and phenomena granulomatous vasculitis (inflammation of the walls of capillaries).

Granulomas in sarcoidosis is easily confused with tuberculous granulomas. Sometimes confirm the diagnosis of the disease can only laboratory study of biopsy material - pieces of tissue taken for analysis at the time of endoscopy.

 Sarcoidosis of the lungs - the most common form of the disease

Classification of pulmonary sarcoidosis

Widespread classification of sarcoidosis of the chest on chest X-ray. There are five stages of the disease:

  • Stage 0 - changes on the chest radiograph is not;
  • Stage I - hilar lymph nodes; changes in lung tissue not;
  • Stage II - hilar lymph nodes; changes in lung tissue; pulmonary sarcoidosis 2 degree (stage) - the most characteristic manifestations of the disease;
  • Stage III - the changes of the lung tissue without increasing the intrathoracic lymph nodes;
  • Stage IV - the irreversible pulmonary fibrosis - replacement of lung tissue by connective tissue.

How to treat bronchitis at home - simple solutions

June 25th, 2014

 how to treat bronchitis at home
 In most cases, patients do not require special bronchitis medications and home treatment for them is quite effective. How to treat bronchitis at home?

An important condition for the effective treatment of bronchitis - a good rest and sound sleep. If possible, patients should be for some time to comply with bed rest. Those who during his illness still have to work, you should avoid intense exercise, to minimize the number of home affairs, and get plenty of rest after work.

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Water, tea, and other liquids

Heavy drinking is recommended for the treatment of any infectious disease - it contributes to the rapid removal of pathogens and helps the body to recover soon. Drink water, herbal tea, fresh vegetable or fruit juices. Very useful warm water mixed with lemon juice and honey - the drink contains many nutrients that help strengthen the immune system.

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Relieving symptoms of bronchitis

If bronchitis causes fever, muscle and headaches, it is advised to take acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. These drugs are generally safe, but they do have certain contraindications; For example, aspirin should not take children under the age of sixteen and pregnant women.

Decongestants promote faster separation of mucus and makes breathing easier in patients with bronchitis. These drugs can be bought over the counter without a prescription, but the most potent decongestants sold only by prescription.

Patients with bronchitis should be installed in his house humidifiers. Thanks to them it becomes easier to breathe and the faster the expectoration of mucus. Due to this, many patients improved sleep: dry air they breathe harder, which is why there is often trouble sleeping Dreams: how to understand our dreams  Dreams: how to understand our dreams
 . If you do not have a humidifier at home, you can simply put on the radiators, a few cups of water or hang wet towels on them. Of course, the effect is not the same as on the real humidifiers, but the air still will be much less dry.

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Oil of Oregano

Oil of Oregano has a strong anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties, and is often used in home treatment of bronchitis. This disease can take oregano oil capsules (250 mg twice daily), or to use the oil in a liquid form. If you choose the second option, mix 5-10 drops of oil of oregano with 250 ml of water, and drink a glass of this drink twice a day until the symptoms of bronchitis disappear. Drink it should be through a straw as oregano oil, even mixed with large amounts of water can cause burning of the lips.

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Eucalyptus essential oil

It is an effective tool for the treatment of many diseases affecting the respiratory tract. Boil in a pot a few liters of water, and then pour it into a large glass bowl. Add the water, five to ten drops of essential oils Essential oils and conception: can help the roses?  Essential oils and conception: can help the roses?
   eucalyptus. Lean over the bowl so that your face was about fifty centimeters above the water (so you will not burn pairs), cover with a towel and inhale the fragrant 10-15 minutes steam through the nose and mouth. Do such inhalation, at least twice a day. You can also mix a bit of eucalyptus essential oil with olive or coconut oil several times a day, rub this mixture into the skin of the neck and chest.

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Olive leaf extract

Olive leaf extract slows down the reproduction of microorganisms that cause bronchitis, reduces inflammation, gives strength and provides immunostimulatory effects. Take extract in accordance with the directions on the package.

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Garlic

Active substances contained in garlic Garlic health: almost a panacea  Garlic health: almost a panacea
   - Allicin, has powerful antibacterial and antiviral properties. Finely chop the garlic and rub the nail on the grater and mix it with one tablespoon of honey. Take two to three tablespoons of this medication per day. For greater effect can be added to honey and a pinch of cayenne pepper garlic.

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Honey and cinnamon

Honey contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants Antioxidants: the truth about the notorious benefits  Antioxidants: the truth about the notorious benefits
   and enzymes that stimulate the immune system. Cinnamon has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Bronchitis is recommended at least three times a day to take a tablespoon of honey mixed with a pinch of cinnamon.

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Thyme

Thyme stimulates sputum production, helping to expand the airways and improves the overall health of patients with bronchitis. Pour two teaspoons of fresh or dried thyme boiling water and allow to stand for five minutes. Then strain and drink a decoction ready. Drink two cups of tea with thyme daily until complete recovery.


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  • bronchitis




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