Why do we need dentures

Installation instead of lost teeth artificial known since ancient times. The teeth were replaced by wood, ivory and so on. Currently, under the prosthetic means the use of dental prostheses - funds for replacement of defects of dentition. Dentures is part of the orthopedic treatment and preventive means of ensuring normalization functions of chewing and speech and warning further destruction and loss of teeth. Dentures helps eliminate malfunction of the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and eliminate cosmetic flaws or defects caused by loss of teeth.

Dentures are used to replace the defects of hard tissues of the tooth, dentition, edentulous jaws, the partial or complete substitution of the jaws after maxillofacial operations (for example, by removing a portion of the jaw bone on the tumor or after injury).

Prosthetics must precede the treatment of dental and oral - anything that might interfere with the installation and operation of the prosthesis. Held dental health (treatment of caries More about caries - take care of your teeth until it's too late , Oral mucosa, etc.), eliminating the deformation of dentition, excision and scar cords, eliminating short bridles lips and tongue, sharp edges of the alveoli (bone lunes) after the removal of teeth and so on.

Dentures come in a variety of designs, but are divided into two large groups - removable and fixed. The choice of design depends on the size of the prosthesis dentition defect, state of periodontal tissues and prosthetic bed (space, which should take the prosthesis).

Removable prosthetics

Fixed dentures - a prosthesis, which is firmly attached in the mouth, they are permanently without removing. Such prostheses include dental prostheses to replace defects of crowns (inlays, veneers), to replace the destroyed tooth crowns (artificial crowns and polukoronki, Pin teeth), to replace individual teeth or groups of teeth (bridges and dentures console).

Tabs - a prosthesis to replace the defects of the tooth crown. They are often used to seal the tooth and as a support in bridges. Tabs made of different metal alloys, cermets, plastics and so on.

Veneers - transparent thin plate made of porcelain or ceramic metal which is bonded to the front surface of the tooth to alter its shape, color or position.

Artificial tooth crown (metal, porcelain, metal-ceramic, plastic, nylon) or replace damaged natural are the backbone for other types of prostheses. Sometimes these crowns are temporary - they are temporarily protect teeth subjected to special treatment before installing the permanent crown, the manufacture of which takes time. Polukoronki covers three of the four surfaces of the teeth and are used as supports for bridges.

Pin teeth set in the shattered crown, but generally the root of the tooth. To do this, root canal injected metal pin and then set on top of an artificial crown.

Bridges are two supports (adjacent defective natural or artificial teeth) between which the prosthesis is located. Cantilever prostheses, unlike bridges have a support at one end only.

Removable prosthetics

Dentures - Dentures are such that a person can put on and take off on their own. They can be laminar and arc (clasp).

Laminar dentures are used when there are large dental defects and defects that have no bearing on the opposite jaw (ie, on the opposite jaw teeth are missing). Such a prosthesis is composed of a plastic plate (base) which repeats the underlying surface relief of the mucosa and the lateral surfaces of the teeth to which they are applied, artificial teeth, and special devices for fixing prostheses remaining teeth in the mouth (clasps). Quality denture depends on the quality of the materials used in it. Good results are obtained by plastic injection molding method, and prostheses produced from nylon. Nylon dentures differ increased comfort when wearing, do not cause allergies.

Clasp denture - a prosthesis based metal alloy, which in addition to the artificial teeth and the base has an arc and its branches. The basis of the partial denture Bar prosthesis - the most rational design   It is a metal frame (Arc, clasps, etc.). Clasp prosthesis can be either partial (at replacement of several teeth) and complete (to replace all the teeth. It is more compact, durable and user-friendly than the Plate-.

The denture is made strictly individually. First, the dentist evaluates the condition of the oral cavity and each tooth, making casts of the teeth, and then in the dental laboratory is made dentures. The last step - installation of a dental prosthesis is carried out as a dentist.

Galina Romanenko

Diagnosis and treatment of deep caries

Treatment of deep caries, in which the cavity is located fairly close to the pulp presents considerable difficulties for the dentist. Previously it was thought that the infected and affected dentin must be removed to prevent further deepening of the cavity and leave well mineralized dentin as a basis for the restoration of the tooth. However, when the procedure involves the risk of damage to the pulp, the treatment becomes less predictable. In such cases it may require measures such as indirect pulp capping (typically using protective materials such as the preparation based on calcium hydroxide) or pulpotomy, in extreme cases, puplpektomiya. The choice of a particular method of treatment can be very challenging for both the dentist and the patient, which are usually invited to participate in the decision.

To eliminate or at least minimize the potential complications of a full excavation of carious dentin, some authors have studied and suggested alternative approaches .  One such method involves a step by step removal of carious tissue .  During the first patient visit, after the doctor has found that the pulp is still viable, it is partially removes dead infected dentin, which is often quite soft and can be easily eliminated by means of hand tools .  Then the dentist handles cavity medicines such as calcium hydroxide, and sets a temporary seal .  During the second visit - usually within a few months after the first, and in some cases, and two years later, the dentist removes all or nearly all of the remaining infected tissue .  The rationale for this approach is that by the time all the remaining bacteria will die, there will be infected and remineralization of the damaged dentin, and the dentist will be easier to remove any remaining caries .

Even more controversial approach to the treatment of deep caries - conservative or ultraconservative removal of carious tissue, which is often called a partial removal of caries. Using this method, the dentist removes most of the infected dentin, closes the cavity (and if necessary by indirect pulp capping) and proceeds to restoration of a tooth Restoration of teeth - which way is the safest? . It is assumed that the caries bacteria, which in this case are without power supply further can not harm the health of the teeth.

Despite the information provided by the researchers, in practice, most dentists continue to adhere to the basic principles that should be and surgeons: it is necessary to remove all diseased tissue in the area of ​​infection. However, it remains unclear whether always need to be guided by this principle. For example, when conventional endodontic therapy, which in most cases has been very successful, viable bacteria and fragments of dead tissue usually remain in the root canal after the treatment.

The treatment process

Prior to treatment, a dentist must perform a diagnostic study of the patient's tooth, it is very important to identify how far the process has gone. Checking tooth sensitivity to heat and cold, a study carried out cavity with a special tool - the probe, which measures the depth of the cavity, its tenderness and other necessary information for diagnosis.

Tooth sensitivity is determined by using the electric pulp test. If you need to specify the number and location of the root of the tooth, the X-ray diagnostics is carried out.

Caries treatment at any stage includes general and local therapy. General treatment - a vitamin-mineral complexes, if necessary - application of drugs to other teeth in order to restore their mineralization.

Local treatment of deep caries starts with pain relief. Today, highly available analgesic drugs used in dental practice for local anesthesia. They allow you to completely eliminate the pain during treatment.

Cavities expands and cleared of dead and destroyed tissues. Since deep caries is almost always combined with pulpitis Pulpit: what to do to not get on the table of the surgeon? After treatment on the tooth cavity impose a special bandage with drugs reduces inflammation and temporary filling. If several days signs pulpitis (toothache) is not present, the temporary filling is replaced constant. If the tooth continues to match, then first treated pulpitis (if necessary, the pulp was removed, including the root canal), and then set the seal.

Deep caries is difficult to treat, it is much easier to treat this process in the early stages.

Galina Romanenko