Meniscus - a cartilage pad Feminine pads - talk about wings Located in the knee joint. It serves as a shock absorber and perform other important functions. The cyst usually occurs when the meniscus is damaged meniscus, which appear as a result of the aging process. Sometimes cyst formed after knee injuries. Transferred previous knee injury, as well as sports, when doing that people often squat and / or falls on his knees, increase the risk of meniscal cysts.

Symptoms

Symptoms of meniscal cysts are:

• The pain is usually aggravated when a person carries weight on his injured leg;
• Solid bulge in cysts, often - the knee from the outside;
• The cyst becomes more noticeable when the knee is bent;
• Swelling and pain in the knee.

Most meniscal cyst can be diagnosed by visual inspection - it is enough for the diagnosis of visible symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis can be used magnetic resonance imaging - thanks to it you can see not only the cyst but also damage to the meniscus.

This disorder should be differentiated from Baker cyst, which, strictly speaking, is not a cyst, but simply an accumulation of fluid in the back of the knee.

What doctor will advise

Often during surgical treatment cyst meniscus is not necessary. If the patient has no symptoms of harassing him, quite regularly applying cold compresses to the knee and take anti-inflammatory drugs.

You can make the aspiration Aspiration: the main thing - do not get confused   meniscal cysts under local anesthesia. This, however, provides only a temporary effect - rather quickly cyst reappears. Some doctors recommend to do an injection of cortisone into the cyst, but the effectiveness and safety of this treatment are not entirely proven.

Since the likelihood that a cyst meniscus starts to grow or change, is very small, the need for disposal offline.

However, in some cases, the doctor decides to remove a cyst. This operation is carried out by means of arthroscopy Arthroscopy: help determine the cause of the disease   - Modern minimally invasive techniques. During the operation, restore the destroyed meniscus tissue is removed, in which there were pathological changes, and produce a cyst decompression. After some time after the operation the symptoms of disorders are, and the cyst disappears. Many patients can return to the normal rhythm of life in three weeks after surgery.

Complications

Complication of non-surgical treatment, in some cases it becomes a gradual increase in the cyst.

After surgery you may experience the following complications:

• Various meniscus damage or loss as a result of surgical intervention, because of which the risk of development of arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications ;
• Infection, bleeding, and other complications that are typical of surgical operations.

False joints or pseudarthrosis - a neoplasm, appearing usually as a result of dislocation Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   or fractures. False joints in children are congenital or develop in the first 18 months of life. Tibia more susceptible to the formation of false joints. Congenital false joints are also frequently observed in the fibula, radius, ulna, femur, and the clavicle. In general, congenital false joints are very - in about one of 190 thousand births.

The most common false joints are developed in cases when a broken bone is not normally possible to grow together; This may occur, for example, as a result of infection of bone tissue. Often the cause of false joints become chronic dislocations of joints. For example, such a problem often occurs in the hip, when the head of the femur to form a false joint ilium.

Symptoms

The main symptom is a false joint pain that the patient continues to feel for a long time after treatment of fracture or dislocation. The pain may be constant, but may be increased only if the load on the damaged joint or bone.

Risk factors

The following factors increase the risk of false joints:

• Smoking;
• Obesity;
• Osteoporosis;
• Regular and prolonged intake of steroids;
• Diabetes;
• Other chronic diseases;
• Malnutrition.

For the diagnosis of false joints used medical imaging techniques. Depending on where it originated a false joint survey carried out by means of X-ray, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging. The cause of false joints, as a rule, can be determined by a blood test Blood tests: a mirror of health   - The results show the presence of infectious and / or other diseases.

In the treatment of false joints can be used stimulation electrical pulses, which prevents too severe bone deformities. They may also be a variety of devices for internal or external fixation, for example, the Ilizarov apparatus.

Dislocation of the feet - a rare injury that usually happens in people who previously suffered numerous injuries. It is approximately equal frequency occurs at any age, and for men - six times more often than women.

Symptoms of dislocation of the foot are usually pain and inability to step on the injured leg.

As a rule, the dislocation of the foot happens in sports. If the are damaged blood vessels, nerves and / or tendons, the result of a dislocation may be limiting blood flow to the foot and the deterioration of its operation.

Diagnostics

The first step in the diagnosis of dislocation of the foot is the study of history and the conversation with the patient.

Then the doctor conducts a regular inspection. Pain even when light pressure to the place of dislocation, swelling and deformity of the foot can be a sign of dislocation. The presence of bruising in the area of ​​dislocation may indicate damage to the blood vessels.

After a medical examination usually do x-rays of the foot. In rare cases, suspected more severe tissue damage, also using computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.

Treatment

For the treatment of dislocation of the foot may require a closed (non-surgical) or open (surgical) reduction. Treatments are conducted with two types of local anesthesia.

Subtalar foot sprains usually treated by means of a closed reduction. Dislocation of the foot in the ankle joint to be treated as soon as possible, if necessary, surgical techniques, such as dislocation can disrupt blood circulation in the foot.

Often, after a stop reposition dislocated joint remains unstable; In such cases, open reduction is performed.

Forecast

In most cases, the prognosis of sprains Dislocation - Prevention and Treatment   Foot favorable. With the dislocation of the foot in the ankle associated increased risk of various complications, but it is reduced with proper treatment.

Sometimes a dislocation of the foot contributes to the intensive development of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis Arthritis - a variety of forms and complications , Osteoarthritis and gout Gout - the "disease of kings"   - However, this occurs only in those cases where the patient has a predisposition for these diseases. Very rare complications are infection dislocation, restricting blood flow to surrounding tissue, joint instability, damage to the skin and / or of nerves, muscle stiffness.

Depending on the type of dislocation recovery takes several weeks to several months. Sometimes patients have to use orthopedic shoes Orthopedic shoes - how to determine what is right for you? , Bandages; In some cases, you need some time to walk with a cane.

The issue of the return of the patient to be solved taking into account the type of his work duties.