Prostatitis, like any other disease, is much easier to prevent than to cure. And this definitely need to know the causes of prostatitis, with some of them lead to an acute course of the disease, and others - to chronic. There are also risk factors - conditions and situations that do not themselves cause inflammation of the prostate, but if any chance of developing prostate greatly increased.

Causes of prostatitis acute over

The occurrence of acute prostatitis Acute prostatitis - the culprit bacteria   due to the penetration into the tissue of the prostate gland infection or stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs. Inflammation may cause such non-specific microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Serratia Pseudomonas, Klebsiella Pseudomonas, Proteus Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Staphilococcus aureus.

Often lead to the emergence of prostatitis pathogens of urogenital infections: chlamydia, gonorrhea, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, gardnerelly, trichomonas and genital herpes virus. Men who took a long time, antibiotics or steroids, the defeat of the prostate can be caused by a fungal infection.

Stagnant factors - another reason prostatitis. If the infection does not join in their background, then develop acute congestive (stagnant) prostatitis. They can be divided into two types: the stagnation of the ejaculate and secretion of prostate and stagnation of venous blood in the body.

Factors that contribute to acute prostatitis

There are several conditions that facilitate the penetration of infection in the prostate tissue. These include:

• Promiscuous sex, the presence of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases of the female partner (for example, chronic salpingoophoritis, bacterial vaginosis)
• Phimosis (narrowing of the opening of the foreskin);
• Stones Prostate (as a consequence of prolonged stagnation or a complication of chronic prostatitis);
• The presence of urinary catheter;
• Instrumental interventions that affect the urethra;
• Intraprostatic reflux (reverse current) of urine that occurs with disorders of the bladder sphincter.

Several factors contribute to the development of acute inflammation. It:

• Stagnation of venous blood in the pelvic organs at paraproctitis, obesity, physical inactivity and hemorrhoids;
• Comorbidities: alcoholism, diabetes mellitus Diabetes - threatening and incurable disease , Immunodeficiency.

Causes of prostatitis with chronic

About chronic prostatitis Chronic prostatitis - every man should know his signs   say in cases where discomfort in the pelvic area, perineum and urogenital system saved a man at least three months. Risk factors for chronic prostatitis:

• Promiscuity non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene and protection;
• Infections and inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary organs partner;
• Irregular sexual life;
• Hypothermia;
• Sedentary lifestyle;
• Standing urinary catheter;
• Immunocompromised;
• Intraprostatic urinary reflux.

There are two theories of the disease: infectious and kogestivnaya (congestive). If prostatitis occurs because the penetration into the prostate pathogens, it is called bacterial or infectious. E. coli, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus, ureaplasma and chlamydia - the most common causes of prostatitis.

Microorganisms enter the prostate in three main ways. In connection with this are:

• Hematogenous prostatitis when bacteria enter the tissue of the prostate through the bloodstream from sites of infection (eg purulent skin diseases, cholangitis, cholecystitis, sinusitis, chronic tonsillitis);
• Prostatitis that occur with inflammation of adjacent organs (with proctitis, hemorrhoids vein thrombophlebitis). Infection with the spread through the lymphatic system;
• Prostatitis, developing the penetration of bacteria urinogennym upward (in men with inflammation of the urethra and its restrictions) and downward (in the presence of inflammatory diseases of the kidneys) by. This group includes prostatitis, which arose in the spread of infection from inflammation of the testicles and their appendages. This way of infection is called canalicular, and it occurs more often.

What causes chronic abacterial prostatitis

When pelvic pain syndrome (chronic abacterial prostatitis) in the urine, semen and prostate secretion microorganisms are not detected. The disease is divided into two types: inflammatory (level of leukocytes in urine and prostatic secretions increased ejaculate) and noninflammatory (content remains normal leukocytes).

Casting urine without pathogens in the ducts of the prostate gland can trigger the development of inflammatory reactions in the tissues of the body. The result is damage to the prostate, and neuromuscular changes the structure of the gland. Reasons prostatitis in men in this situation - the anatomical features or elevated pressure in the urethra.

Circulatory disorders in the urogenital venous plexus accompanied by hormonal, neurovegetative and immune disorders. Changes in the normal operation of the pelvic floor muscles - another reason prostatitis. This occurs when the muscles get the wrong or false signals from the control of the nerve fibers.

In diseases, injuries and operations on the pelvic organs in places of attachment of muscles to the bones can form specific tender points. Since they are close to the urogenital system, any irritation causes discomfort, which extends to the perineum and suprapubic region. Chronic pelvic pain syndrome may also be associated with the formation of these points.

Before treatment of prostatitis Treatment of prostatitis - not an easy task   always necessary to find out its causes. Only after that the doctor can prescribe the most appropriate treatment.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) - is a noncancerous enlargement of the prostate, which makes it difficult to urinate. The prostate gland is located below the bladder; It surrounds the urethra, in which the urine moves from the bladder. When the prostate increases, it begins to squeeze the urethra or causes muscle contraction, disposed around the urethra - in any case, urination is difficult.

Prostate enlargement is very common among men middle aged and older - the first symptoms usually appear around the age of 50 years and the age of 60 most men have a BPH. In 90% of men over 85 years of BPH causes more or less serious problems with urination. Importantly, BPH - is not cancer; moreover, that the violation does not increase the likelihood of developing prostate cancer.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of BPH include:

• Frequent urination;
• Pause when urinating - the feeling that the urine passes through the hard ureters (in fact, the way it is);
• Frequent urination at night;
• A small amount of urine after urination;
• Incomplete emptying of the bladder;
• The presence of blood in urine or hematuria (BPH causes damage to the small blood vessels);
• Recurrent urinary tract infection.

Causes

The exact cause of BPH is unknown. Studies have shown that testosterone, the male sex hormone, or dihydrotestosterone - a chemical that is formed by the cleavage of testosterone Five myths about testosterone   in the body can lead to an increase in prostate cancer. According to another theory, the cause of BPH is happening with the age change in the balance of testosterone and estrogen Estrogen - the key to bone health   (female sex hormone, which in a small amount is also present in the male body).

Some OTC drugs that take a cold or allergies, can dramatically worsen the symptoms of BPH.

Diagnostics

The doctor can estimate the size of the prostate by palpation - he puts on a glove, introduces a finger into the anus and feels the back wall of the prostate. Typically, during diagnosis also do blood and urine tests. Can be assigned to other diagnostic procedures, for example:

IVP. The doctor inserts into a vein radiopaque substance, followed by X-ray monitors the flow of urine.

Transrectal ultrasonography - a thin probe is inserted into the anus to obtain an image of the prostate gland.

In addition, the doctor may give the patient a special questionnaire, which after filling can better assess the severity of BPH, and its impact is not everyday life.

Therapies

What method of treatment is chosen it depends on the patient's age, general health and the severity of symptoms. In most patients, the symptoms of BPH is amplified, then weakened, and sometimes even completely disappear. In any case, you need to constantly keep track of the changing condition of the patient. There are many effective ways to treat BPH - from simple lifestyle changes to medication, and some medicinal herbs. If these funds do not help, and the symptoms of the disease have a significant negative impact on quality of life, you may need surgery.

Lifestyle changes

Many men with BPH causes only mild symptoms. In such cases, good help these simple lifestyle changes:

• Try to go to the toilet as soon as you feel the urge to urinate;
• If you will be a long business meeting, go to the toilet in advance, even if you do not feel the urge to urinate;
• Avoid alcohol and caffeine, especially after dinner. As a last resort, try not to drink alcoholic and caffeinated beverages for two hours before bedtime Dreams: how to understand our dreams ;
• Drink a roughly equal amount of fluids throughout the day. Avoid drinking large amount of liquid at a time;
• Do not take medicines for colds, sinusitis and allergic rhinitis. Decongestants and antihistamines aggravate symptoms of BPH;
• Exercise regularly;
• Learn to control stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   - Regularly meditate, breathing exercises, and so on.

Medication

For the treatment of BPH using two types of drugs. The first of them - alpha-blockers; they relax the muscles placed around the bladder, allowing easier urination. Initially, alpha-blockers have been developed for the treatment of high blood pressure. They are most effective at moderate enlargement of prostate gland. Common side effects of drugs of this type are a decrease in ejaculate volume and low blood pressure. Alpha-blockers should not be taken simultaneously with preparations for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (this includes, for example, Viagra). K alpha adneroblokatoram include:

• Tirazosin (Hytrin);
• Doxazosin;
• Tamsulosin (Flomax);
• Alfuzosin.

For the treatment of BPH is also applicable inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase. Drugs of this class reduce the level of male sex hormones in the body, cause the prostate and is growing. These agents act slower than alpha-blockers, and besides, they decrease the level of prostate specific antigen (PSA). High PSA levels may indicate prostate cancer, thus a patient who receives inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase, to diagnose this disease in the case of its development may be difficult. Preparations of this type are:

• Finasteride (Proscar);
• Dutasteride (Avodart);
• Botulinum toxin (Botox).

Your doctor may prescribe a combination therapy, and - receiving alpha-blockers and inhibitors of 5-alpha-reductase simultaneously.

Surgical procedures and other treatments

Surgery for BPH may be recommended if the disease is caused by the patient:

• Urinary incontinence;
• Stagnation of urine in the bladder;
• Haematuria (presence of blood in urine);
• Recurrent urinary tract infection.

Selection of a particular kind of operation depends on the severity of symptoms as well as the size and shape of the patient's prostate.

Minimally invasive techniques

These techniques can relieve the symptoms of BPH better than medication, but often they are not as effective as invasive surgery. On the other hand, they have fewer complications and recovery process does not take too much time.

Transurethral microwave therapy - this technology uses microwave heat to reduce the size of the prostate. This procedure is most effective for men with moderate symptoms of BPH.

Transurethral needle ablation. During this procedure, by means of radio waves removes part of the prostate that blocks urine flow. This technique gives the best results in low and moderate increase in the prostate gland.

Interstitial laser therapy involves the destruction of excess tissue and reduce the size of the prostate using a laser. The procedure is most effective at low and moderate increase of the prostate gland, and if the patient has no stagnation of urine in the bladder.