Usual pemphigus

Normal or vulgar pemphigus begins with the appearance of blisters on the oral mucosa. Bubbles, quickly exposing form the painful bright red or covered with a whitish bloom erosion (surface compromising the integrity of the skin and mucous membranes), bordered by the remains of the tire bladder.

Rashes appear on the skin in a few months, gradually, first to the skin of the back and chest, and then willows elsewhere. Blisters filled with clear content, have different value. A few days later they dry up, crust or opened with the formation of bright red erosion.

Gradually deteriorating general condition of patients, there is a weakness, a small rise in temperature. It is also characteristic violation of water-salt metabolism due to a delay in the body of sodium.

If pemphigus vulgaris is not treated, it can lead to depletion of the body and the death of the patient. The disease duration from six months to several years.

Vegetating pemphigus

Starting this kind of pemphigus well as simple, with the defeat of the oral mucosa, but the bubbles are usually located around natural openings in the skin folds (armpits, groin, etc.), as well as around the navel. With the opening of bubbles on the surface erosions develop growths (vegetation), covered with a grayish bloom. Merging, they form extensive surface, particularly at the junction of the mucosa in the skin (the area of ​​the lips, nose and genitals, anus). The disease is difficult and often ends with the death of the patient.

Pemphigus foliaceous

Foliaceous pemphigus is characterized by a rash on the skin (mucous hardly affected) surface, flat, flaccid bladder with a thin tire that quickly ruptures and forms of erosion or shrinking to form thin flakes, superimposed on each other. Very soon, the scales begin to occupy all or most of the skin surface. Often marked hair loss Hair loss - the distress signal   and nails.

The general condition of the patients remains satisfactory for a long time, but they gradually weaken, lose weight, and without treatment die within a few years.

Pemphigus erythematosus

Pemphigus erythematosus begins with the formation on the face, usually the nose and cheeks, less commonly on the scalp, the lesion, covered with soft, easily removable yellowish scales or crusts on the bottom surface of which found little soft white spines. After removing the crusts formed by erosion.

Later on the skin of the back and chest appear different size bubbles rapidly crusted. The disease is prolonged and often benign.

Diagnosis of pemphigus

Diagnosis is based on the revealed acantholysis and laboratory detection acantholytic cells taken in the form of prints from the bottom of erosions.

Treatment of pemphigus

Since the disease is associated with production of large amount of antibodies Antibodies - "soldiers' immunity   to their own tissue, then try to suppress their reproduction through various medications (eg, glucocorticoids). In order to remove circulating antibody from the blood purification is carried out using plasmapheresis Plasmapheresis - cleansing the blood of toxins . Held as a topical treatment of lesions for the purpose of drying and prevention of infection.

Fungal infections and antimycotics

Pathogenic (disease-causing) and conditionally pathogenic (disease-causing, under certain conditions, for example, lowered immunity) fungi causing diseases which are called mycosis and are widespread. For the treatment of these diseases prescribers with appropriate antifungal spectrum. Therefore, before you assign one or another antifungal agent, is conducted microbiological examination of material taken from areas of inflammation (for the establishment of an infectious agent) and is determined by the sensitivity of the selected fungus to certain antifungal agents.

In addition, important when choosing products have features of their absorption and excretion from the body, as well as side effects.

How does Nizoral

Nizoral (international non-proprietary name - ketoconazole) - is an antifungal agent that can (depending on dose) to kill or suspend the reproduction of fungi that infect the skin and mucous membranes (e.g., yeast genus Candida), and other pathogenic fungi.

Nizoral mechanism of action is that it inhibits the formation of fatty components in the membranes of fungi, thereby halting the development of their cells. For dissolution and absorption Nizoral requires an acidic environment, so it is received inside (and absorbed in the stomach, in which the acidic gastric juice) or used in the form of external agents, which include acidic components. After ingestion Nizoral rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching concentrations required to treat an hour. Nizoral is decomposed in the liver and then excreted in the bile and urine.

Nizoral is produced in the form of tablets, ointments, vaginal suppositories and shampoo.

Indications for use

Inside a pill Nizoral take:

• fungal diseases of the skin and its appendages (hair and nails);
• at long flowing fungal diseases of the skin and mucous membranes;
• candidiasis of the gastrointestinal tract;
• thrush (fungal infections of the vaginal mucosa);
• when fungal infection of the whole organism;
• for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections in patients with reduced protective functions (inherited caused by disease or drugs), which lead to an increased risk of fungal infections.

The cream and ointment nizoralom apply:

• at shallow fungal infections of the skin;
• fungal infections (athlete's) hands, feet and groin area;
• when pityriasis versicolor;
• seborrheic (against the background of oily scalp) dermatitis.

Shampoo nizoralom used for dandruff Dandruff: where it comes from, and what to do   and pityriasis versicolor.

Contraindications

• hypersensitivity to the drug;
• pregnancy and lactation (because clinical studies have not been carried out);
• severe liver and kidney disease;
• can not be accepted for children under three years of age (weighing up to 15 kg).

Side effects that may occur while taking Nizoral

Nizoral can produce the following side effects:

• From the nervous system: headache, dizziness Dizziness - if the ground is slipping from under his feet , Fatigue, sensory disturbances, increased intracranial pressure;
• from the gastrointestinal tract: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms , Abnormal liver function;
• from the urinary organs: menstrual irregularities, impotence Impotence - a female perspective on the problem , Breast enlargement in men and decrease in semen volume (reduced the number of male sex hormones in the blood); hormone levels are restored the next day after the end of treatment;
• Skin: hair loss, allergic reactions such as rash and swelling;
• with a side of blood: increased bleeding due to lower platelet count in the blood.

When treating nizoralom not take alcoholic beverages: the combination can cause a sudden reddening of the skin, rash, swelling, nausea, vomiting, headache.

In overdose Nizoral all side effects worse. In such cases, it is recommended gastric lavage. With prolonged use Nizoral requires constant laboratory monitoring of liver function. Admission Nizoral does not affect the ability to drive and perform other activities related to the coordination of movements.

Any antifungal drug (and Nizoral is no exception) can be taken only on prescription, and after preliminary laboratory examination.