Diabetes, combined with hyperthyroidism observed in one percent of all diabetics. At the same time patients have symptoms of both diseases. Hyperthyroidism is a factor aggravating for diabetes due to increased acidosis and increased glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) in the liver.

What happens in the body in diabetes mellitus and hyperthyroidism

Diabetes - a disease which is based on absolute or relative deficiency of insulin (a hormone that helps the tissues to absorb glucose - a source of energy) in the body, causing metabolic disorders, especially carbohydrate.

Hyperthyroidism - is increased secretion of thyroid hormones which leads to an acceleration of the metabolism of all kinds, including carbohydrate. In diabetes, cause an insular apparatus of the pancreas produces insufficient insulin. When vnepankreaticheskim forms of diabetes antagonistic towards insulin hormones (e.g., thyroid hormones) inhibit tissue insulin action. But irrespective of the mechanism resulting in insulin deficiency occurs tissues and hence the blood sugar can not be assimilated by the tissues. All this is a violation of protein and lipid metabolism with the appearance of toxic products of metabolism.

How does hyperthyroidism to diabetes

Increased thyroid hormone levels negatively affect the course of diabetes in young people. Furthermore, the decay of these hormones in the blood there is a large number of metabolites that enhance the intensity of glycogenolysis increase in blood sugar in urine.

As a result, excess thyroid hormone enhanced glucose absorption in the gut, increased process glycogenolysis (breakdown of glycogen to glucose) and the separation of glucose from the liver into the blood to accelerated destruction of insulin. Hyperthyroidism also contributes to the development of diabetic coma. Therefore, the restoration of proper carbohydrate metabolism in patients with diabetes can be achieved only after reducing the amount of thyroid hormone in the blood.

But we need to distinguish between moderate rise in blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator   and urine, sometimes observed in hyperthyroidism, the combination of hyperthyroidism and diabetes. Diabetes can start earlier hyperthyroidism, simultaneously with or after developing hyperthyroidism. A transient rise in blood sugar and urine can leave with the disappearance of hyperthyroidism, hyperthyroidism and if accompanied by diabetes, it is, of course, is not going anywhere.

In this regard, some endocrinology believe that a mild hyperthyroidism is a favorable factor in diabetes in adults, as it helps to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood and prevents the deposition of atherosclerotic plaque in blood vessels.

Symptoms of diabetes and hyperthyroidism

The signs of this state are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism, and symptoms of diabetes. Signs of hyperthyroidism include weight loss, palpitation, exophthalmos (eyeballs bulge), irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Tearfulness, mood variability, thyroid enlargement Increase in thyroid - that underlies the disease .

Signs of diabetes include thirst, the allocation of a large quantity of urine, dry mouth, dry skin, decreased performance.

Diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and diabetes

In the study of blood hormones found elevated thyroid hormone Thyroid hormones: mechanism of action and physiological effects . Simultaneously, the blood can detect a large amount of sugar. Sugar is also found in the urine.

Features of treatment of hyperthyroidism and diabetes

Treatment of diabetes in the presence of hyperthyroidism, has a number of distinctive features. First of all, the removal of symptoms of intoxication due to the increased amount of thyroid hormone (hyperthyroidism symptoms). To do this, prescribe drugs that suppress thyroid function, thereby reducing the intensity of all types of metabolism, and if that does not work, the thyroid gland is completely or partially removed, transferring the patient to a controlled replacement therapy of thyroid hormones. It is also being treated with radioactive isotopes, while the introduction of insulin to control the symptoms of diabetes. Some endocrinologists believe removal of the thyroid gland optimal treatment option in this case.

Before removing signs of hyperthyroidism patient is prescribed a diet that includes three hundred and fifty grams of carbohydrate per day and per gram and a quarter protein per kilogram of body weight, based on the average weight for the patient, even if he is obese. The daily ration is distributed throughout the day on five receptions and always appointed by lowering insulin or sugar sulfa drugs.

Assign also a complex of vitamins, especially B vitamins

Diabetes, of course, do not disappear after the removal of the thyroid gland, but its flow becomes easier.

Galina Romanenko

Metabolism is largely dependent on heredity. Sometimes, it can affect the health problems but unable to change the human basal metabolic rate - at least to some extent. What factors affect the basal metabolic rate?

Physical activity is not only help burn calories by directly increasing energy requirements, but also due to an increase in muscle mass and increases the basal metabolic rate. Basal metabolic rate depends on the constitution of the body - it is higher in those who by nature more muscle tissue, and lower - fat.

Metabolic disorders

Broadly, the metabolic disorder - is any disease caused by abnormal chemical reactions in the cells. Most of these disorders are associated with either abnormal levels of enzymes or hormones or problems with the functioning of those enzymes or hormones.

When the metabolism of various substances is blocked or goes wrong, it can lead to accumulation of toxins in the body or a deficiency of substances needed for normal life - and then, and more can cause severe symptoms.

Some metabolic disorders are congenital - for them there is no such term as "inborn error of metabolism." Newborns with modern diagnostic methods examined for some of these disorders. Many inborn error of metabolism can lead to serious complications and even death if they are still at an early age not to be treated with medication and / or a special diet.

Deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) - is one of many enzymes, which play an important role in cellular metabolism. G6PD is produced by red blood cells and helps the body to process carbohydrates. Without enough G6PD, which helps blood cells fight some potentially dangerous substances, begin damage and destruction of red blood cells, which leads to the development of hemolytic anemia. During a process called hemolysis, red blood cells are destroyed prematurely, and the bone marrow does not manage to produce enough new red blood cells.

Children with deficiency G6PD, usually very pale, suffer from fatigue, they observed rapid heartbeat and breathing. They can also be symptoms such as jaundice and enlargement of the spleen.

Galactosemia

Children born with this metabolic disorder, the liver does not produce enough enzymes needed to process galactose (sugar found in milk) into glucose. As a result, galactose accumulates in the body, which leads to serious health problems.

Symptoms usually appear in the first days of life; among them - vomiting, enlarged liver and jaundice. If galactosemia is not diagnosed quickly enough and begin to heal, it will cause damage to liver, eyes, kidneys and brain.

Hyperthyroidism

This violation overly active thyroid gland produces too much of the hormone thyroxine Thyroxine - the main thyroid hormone Which increases the basal metabolic rate. This results in symptoms such as rapid weight loss, increased heart rate, increased blood pressure, protruding eyes, and a discernible eye swelling in the neck resulting from enlargement of the thyroid. This disease is treated with specific drugs and, in some cases, surgical intervention.

Hypothyroidism

This disorder is associated with reduced activity of the thyroid gland, causing the level of thyroxine is too low. As a consequence, it is reduced and the basal metabolic rate.

In the absence of treatment in children is a violation can lead to stunted growth and mental retardation. In adults, the symptoms are less severe, but they cause significant discomfort - extreme tiredness, slow heartbeat, weight gain, constipation. For the treatment of hypothyroidism appointed administration of drugs containing thyroid hormones.

Phenylketonuria

Phenylketonuria - a disease associated with a metabolic disorder amino acid called phenylalanine. This amino acid is necessary for the full development of children, and normal production of proteins. However, too much congestion in the body it causes damage to the brain tissue and the development of mental retardation Mental retardation - if the mind is underdeveloped . Early diagnosis and limiting consumption of sources fenilalalina can prevent complications.

Diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes)

In this disease, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Among the symptoms of diabetes - excessive thirst, excessive urine, a strong sense of hunger, even soon after eating, and weight loss. Over time, the disease can lead to kidney problems, pain associated with nerve damage, blindness and cardiovascular disease. To control the blood sugar level Blood sugar - a very important indicator   and reduce the likelihood of complications patients need regular insulin injections.

Type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes develops in the absence of the normal reaction of the body to insulin. Many patients with this disorder is easy to gain weight. In many cases it is possible to achieve significant improvements by changing the diet, exercising, and taking oral medication. Control of blood sugar levels Blood sugar - one of the main indicators of human health   It helps to avoid the health problems that threaten patients with type 1 diabetes.