Immune disorders

The main task of the immune system is that recognize and neutralize foreign substances entering the body. To help the body fight disease and recover from the infection, the immune system produces antibodies. Normally, the mother provides a "foreign" fetus protection from attack antibodies. It is believed that the body some women with recurrent pregnancy loss, such protection is not available. That is, the immune system, in fact, specifically from the body expels the fetus, potentially dangerous and alien element (to avoid that, during normal pregnancy there is a weakening of immunity, which is why pregnant women are more susceptible to viral and other infections). To identify immune disorders that lead to recurrent miscarriage, it is necessary to conduct special analyzes.

Hormonal disorders

Some hormonal disorders Hormonal disorders - oversupply and a lack of equally dangerous   It can cause recurrent miscarriage. The most common ones are:

• Low levels of progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   Quite often in women who have found habitual miscarriage, found reduced levels of progesterone .  At the earliest stages of pregnancy (soon after fertilization), abnormally low levels of this hormone indicates that the fertilized egg has not yet implanted in the uterine wall .  That is, low levels of progesterone, in fact, is not the cause but the consequence of miscarriage .  This explains why the injection of progesterone soon after conception are not conducive to a favorable outcome of pregnancy .  However, test results, indicating a reduced level of progesterone, the doctors suggest the direction in which to look for the cause of recurrent miscarriage .  For example, female patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs, which include immune disorders, can lead to a decrease in the level of progesterone in the blood and, consequently, to the impossible implantation of a fertilized egg .
• Elevated levels of follicle-stimulating hormone. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is required for stimulation of follicular growth in the ovaries. Some women undergoing diagnosis about habitual miscarriage detected elevated levels of FSH in the blood - is associated with a probability of premature menopause. This still did not stop ovulation (when pregnancy is, of course, would be impossible), but the probability of conception and normal gestation is already significantly lower than the norm. Patients with high levels of FSH is usually referred to specialists in reproductive health.
• Problems with the endometrium. Currently, the only way to determine the behavior of the endometrium during the implantation of the fertilized ovum is a sampling of endometrial tissue and its subsequent analysis. Endometrial biopsies performed at the end of the menstrual cycle (approximately day 26). This procedure causes no more discomfort than a fence cervical mucus. To maximize the biopsy gave useful information, doctors need to know exactly the time of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? .
• Polycystic ovary syndrome. Using ultrasound in many women with recurrent pregnancy loss Habitual miscarriage - can and should be treated   identify polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This common disorder occurs in approximately 25% of women. Patients with PCOS ovaries formed many small cysts. These cysts are not dangerous to health, but sometimes PCOS is associated with various disorders of the balance of hormones, such as the production of excessive amounts of luteinizing hormone and testosterone. So far, a series of studies experts could not establish a direct link between PCOS and recurrent pregnancy loss.

Infection

The role played by vaginal infection in habitual miscarriage, is the subject of studies that are ongoing. It is assumed that infections can lead to spontaneous abortion in late pregnancy (week 14 or later) in a relatively small number of women. The likelihood that the infection can cause miscarriage in early pregnancy, according to experts, is quite low.

Environment and lifestyle

The risk of miscarriage and habitual miscarriage may be increased due to smoking, alcohol abuse, illicit drug use, exposure to high levels of radiation and toxic substances. All this during pregnancy (and not only) should be avoided - talking about it, not only scientific data but also common sense.

Treatment of uterine polyps

In identifying polyps in women the therapy, which is in the methods of conservative and surgical treatment. Treatment of polyps in the uterus comprises administering hormones to normalize hormonal levels and prevent a recurrence of the pathological process. A prerequisite should be histological studies polyps from the uterus, as there is a risk of malignancy education.

Diagnostics

The polyps of the cervical canal can be detected even when viewed from a gynecologist: a polyp is seen as a soft, pink education in the cervical canal. Clarifies diagnosed by hysteroscopy (research lining of the uterus using a special apparatus), ultrasound and X-ray examinations. In order to carry out the diagnosis of uterine polyps also sensing and curettage Curettage - how dangerous it is?   followed by laboratory examination of tissue.

What could be treatments

Modern gynecology involves several effective treatments for polyps in the uterus - from receiving special hormones to curettage of the uterus and uterine polyps surgically removed through hysterectomy. In some cases, the polyps in the uterus do not require treatment and normalization of hormone levels in women estroegna disappear on their own. The treatment of polyps in the uterus is required basically only when endometrial overgrowth gives a normal functioning of the organ and cause infertility or increase the risk of uterine cancer.

Not all cases of endometrial polyposis require hormone therapy. When infectious and inflammatory nature of the disease, when there is a long-existing inflammation (chronic endometritis), prescribe a course of anti-inflammatory treatment. Inflammatory changes can regress over the course of one, so in the case of chronic treatment process should be carried out in several stages. Rehabilitation includes the use of methods of physical therapy effects, spa treatment.

To the right approach to the choice of hormonal agents, the patient should be examined. It is recommended to take a hysteroscopy and the material for histological examination sighting with pathological changes in the mucosa area. The control hysteroscopy should be performed at the final stage after the end of treatment measures.

In the absence of data on the presence of polyps after hysteroscopic control, as evidenced by the results of targeted biopsy of the endometrium can recommend a course of ovarian stimulation in those patients who are faced with the problem of infertility due to hormonal imbalance in polyps in the uterus.

The main methods of treatment of polyps in the uterus:

• Medication: Certain hormones - including progestins and gonadotropin-releasing hormone - help reduce the size of polyps in the uterus and to suppress associated with abnormal proliferation of the endometrium symptoms. Drug treatment of polyps in the uterus is usually short-term and not very effective - usually symptoms associated with polyps in the uterus back after stopping medication.
• Curettage (scraping) procedure, initially scraping Scraping - heavy and unsafe procedure   the uterine cavity using a curette - a metal loop with a long handle. Curettage is used for taking tissue samples for further examination under a microscope or for direct removal of polyps in the uterus. The accuracy of the procedure is enhanced by simultaneous hysteroscopy - examination of the uterus using a hysteroscope optical device. Curettage procedure without the use of hysteroscopy is known as the 'blind' curettage and often leads to microtraumas uterus.
• Surgical removal of polyps in the uterus: the simultaneous hysteroscopy into the uterus through the hysteroscope is introduced surgical instrument for removing uterine polyps. The procedure takes place in two steps: first using a hysteroscope uterus examined, determined by the number, size and location of uterine polyps, which are then removed.
• Hysterectomy: The procedure complete removal of the uterus, to apply only in cases where the uterine polyps contain malignant (cancer) cells.

Complete removal of uterine polyps using curettage or hysteroscopy does not guarantee that the abnormal growth of endometrial cells will cease forever. In some cases, the subsequent emergence of new polyps in the uterus, re-treatment is required.

Preparations for hormone therapy

Glandular polyps, which occur on the background of endometrial hyperplasia, respond well to hormonal influences. Medicinal products presented by a large group of drugs, so the choice depends primarily on the established histological structure of the polyp and how pronounced pathological changes in the mucosa. Appointment of hormones allows for full rejection of hyperplastic mucosal menstruation. Such curative effect of progestin drugs (or progesterone)

• progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology
• dydrogesterone (Duphaston)
• utrozhestan

Currently rarely appointed by progesterone in a pure form, because there are analogues of the hormone that do not have a negative impact, are "natural" progesterone derivatives. Preparations are appointed strictly on certain days of the menstrual cycle The days of the menstrual cycle: Four phases . Scheme drug administration depends on the age of the patient, presence of her comorbidity, which may be a contraindication for hormone therapy.

Dydrogesterone average dose is 20 mg per day, but the dose may vary depending on the clinical picture of the disease. The drug is taken in the second phase within ten days (from 16 to 25 day cycle). There assignment scheme, providing a long-term prescription for twenty days (5 days of the cycle). The duration of hormone therapy varies from three to six months or more. Throughout the period of treatment should be dynamic control of indicators of blood coagulation and an ultrasound scan.

Widely used contraceptives for treatment regimen (COC). If a woman's menstrual cycle is biphasic, no occurrences of hormonal dysfunction, it will prevent the development of hyperplastic processes of polyps. As a screening method of diagnosis should be conducted annually ultrasound to be able to assess the condition of the mucous membrane of the uterus.

Treatment of cervical polyps - surgical removal of their ways

Individual polyps are removed by unscrewing followed by cauterization. Multiple and recurrent (repeated after removal) polyps are removed by scraping the lining of the uterus or cervix. In this first polyps are removed, and a few days later held scraping. This is necessary to ensure that the inflamed necrotic tissue polyps do not become a source of infection. All remote tissues necessarily subject to histological examination to detect abnormal (cancerous) cells.

The second stage of treatment - the restoration of normal hormonal: hormones are administered, depending on the findings.

Polyps of the uterus require careful examination and treatment.