In recent years, the incidence of adenomyosis has increased significantly. This may be due to increased detection of this disease, particularly with the use of more sophisticated diagnostic techniques, including endoscopic studies, such as diagnostic hysteroscopy. Hysteroscopy in the adenomyosis is now one of the main methods.

Hysteroscopy at adenomyosis - what is it

Hysteroscopy - a method of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment, which allows to inspect the cervical canal, uterus and fallopian tubes mouth using hyperfine optical device - hysteroscope. Hysteroscope is inserted via the vagina first at the cervix of the uterus, then uterus.

Diagnostic hysteroscopy can be identified and a good look at the monitor condition of the uterine wall. In particular by means of a hysteroscope can identify adenomyosis, which has characteristic features, and take a piece of tissue for histological examination. Therapeutic hysteroscopy can remove small adenomioznye nodes located directly beneath the endometrium.

How is

Hysteroscopy - a serious procedure that is performed under general anesthesia and requires a preliminary examination, as it has a number of contraindications. This acute illness, exacerbation of chronic diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory failure, renal dysfunction and liver, cachexia (wasting), bleeding disorders, signs of inflammation or any other critical processes in the laboratory analyzes, the signs of inflammation in the smears from genital bodies.

One day prior to hysteroscopy can not use the vaginal douche and drugs, and on the day of hysteroscopy can not take food or drink, only to rinse your mouth. Hysteroscopy is performed immediately after menstruation (6-9 days of the menstrual cycle).

Once the woman made anesthesia in cervical canal hysteroscope is introduced, which is transmitted from the image on the screen. Thus, the doctor can see with their own eyes, and even to the desired increase in the internal surface of the uterus. First he examines the cervical canal, and then the cavity of the uterus, the opening of the fallopian tubes, estimating the thickness, uniformity and color of the mucous membrane of these organs. Inspection allows you to confirm or withdraw the pre-diagnosed. If necessary, during hysteroscopy weave taken for histological examination.

After hysteroscopy Hysteroscopy - examination of the uterus inside   over the next two days may cause mild spastic pain in the abdomen Abdominal pain: when to sound the alarm? . They can be removed by means of antispasmodics and analgesics, but often they are alone. During the first two days after gisterovkopii women are advised not to take a bath (shower possible), use tampons How to use sanitary pad - basic precautions , Douche. It should also eliminate the great physical exertion, cold, carefully observe good personal hygiene. Sex after diagnostic hysteroscopy are undesirable for a week.

Results of the study

Hysteroscopy reveals adenomyosis, determine its form (diffuse, nodular), location, size and extent of the endometriosis sites, as well as aiming to take the material for histological examination. It clarifies and completes the picture of transvaginal ultrasound.

Inspection of the inner wall surface of uterine adenomyosis reveals endometriotic mouth moves as a dark red pinholes against the pale pink endometrial pouring their blood. If areas of adenomyosis much the appearance of the endometrium similar to a honeycomb. The skilled artisan then can make a correct diagnosis in more than 90% of cases. For inexperienced professionals it is not so simple - the accuracy of the diagnosis may not exceed 30%. The problem is that after scraping the mucous membrane of the uterus, in which damaged the integrity of the small blood vessels in the basal layer of the endometrium, bleeding vessels can be very similar to the endometrial moves.

Thus, features of adenomyosis Symptoms of adenomyosis - characteristic and recognizable   when hysteroscopy is endometrioid moves against the pale pink lining of the uterus (a symptom of honeycomb), expansion and change in the shape of the uterine cavity, the specific looped pattern of the walls of the uterus.

If necessary, the target biopsy site tissue of the myometrium (muscle layer of the uterus) - this is the most informative method of detecting adenomyosis.

Hysteroscopy - is an effective method of diagnosis, which nevertheless requires a special training physician.

Galina Romanenko

The number of fungal diseases in recent years has greatly increased. This happens due to low immunity (makes itself felt sedentary office work) and the widespread use of using antibiotics to treat colds without prescription.

What is candidiasis

Candidiasis (candidiasis) - a fungal disease that is caused by the yeast genus Candida. Total in nature, there are dozens of species of fungi of the genus, but most often caused by the fungus Candida species Candida albicans. All of the fungi of the genus are considered to be opportunistic, as almost constantly live on the skin and mucous membranes without causing disease. But as soon as reduced immunity, fungi of the genus Candida are beginning to multiply, penetrate the upper layers of the skin and mucous membranes and cause disease.

Under the microscope you can see that the fungus Candida cells are circular with a diameter of up to 8 m with fungal filaments (pseudomycelium). Fungi can reproduce in the environment, they are resistant to low and high temperatures, and survive even in direct sunlight. In the external environment in which they can kill only long ultraviolet exposure in wet conditions. When boiling and autoclaving fungi are killed within five minutes. On the skin, they are killed by the alcoholic solution of iodine and aniline dyes (e.g. methylene blue), into the environment - by disinfectants (formalin Lysol and so on).

How could I get candidiasis

Innate immunity to fungi of the genus Candida does not exist, but the disease in response to the introduction of the organism fungus produces antibodies that can be detected by means of laboratory tests.

Candidiasis can get sick with a decrease in the body's defenses (immune system). This can happen after a serious illness (especially if antibiotics used to treat them), and hormonal disorders Hormonal disorders - oversupply and a lack of equally dangerous , Metabolic disorders Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things   (especially in diabetes), permanent injury of the mucous membranes (eg, mucous genitals thong panties). Imperfect immunity in children and the elderly is the cause of frequent occurrence at them candidiasis.

Candidiasis and can be infected by the disease or patients with direct contact with patients (eg, during sexual intercourse), or through personal care. You can also become infected by contaminated fruits and vegetables fungi. For example, a typical professional candidiasis in humans, collected and processed fruits and vegetables.

If the skin or mucous membranes of man is damaged, then it is more likely to be ill candidiasis (as a result of the activation of its own conditionally pathogenic, and as a result of infection from the patient). That is why most infected workers who collected and processed fruits and vegetables - a low level of organization of health and safety leads to constant minor injuries of the skin. If you violate hygiene in hospitals, especially in children, including maternity, candidiasis may erupt in the form of hospital infections. Especially dangerous is the situation in nurseries, as children up to three years there has been inadequate immunity.

How is candidiasis

Candidiasis can occur in the form of lesions of the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs. There are allergies and generalized (involving all organs and tissues) forms of candidiasis. But the most common candidiasis mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals, and intestine.

The latter form is almost always occurs in patients receiving antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future? Especially if it occurs unchecked. The course can be as light and unobtrusive, and very heavy.

Diagnosis and treatment of candidiasis

The diagnosis of candidiasis is set based on the typical manifestations of cutaneous candidiasis and mucosal candidiasis. It confirms the diagnosis of microscopic examination of scrapings and swabs taken from the lesion or the feces of suspected intestinal candidiasis - they found a large number of fungi genus Candida. Metdom PCR (polymerase chain reaction) can be detected fungal DNA in the material and in the blood. Work is also sowing the biological material in the medium to cultivation and identification of the fungus.

If there is a suspicion of candidiasis internal organs Candidiasis of internal organs when the immune system is weakened Then there are special reaction to the detection of antibodies to the fungus genus Candida. It is also possible to carry out a patch test with kandidoallergenom.

Treatment of candidiasis performed using special antifungals. Candidiasis of the skin and mucosal disease usually ends in recovery, but generalivovannom and prognosis of chronic candidiasis may be questionable.