Medicinal properties of the hawthorn were known in ancient times, tincture and decoction prepared from hawthorn treated with nerve and heart disorders, colds, relieves fatigue. Since then, it took many centuries, but today the hawthorn is used as a drug. In Russia, grow several species of hawthorn, the most common of them - Crataegus laevigata (scratchy) and Crataegus sanguinea.
Common Hawthorn is a shrub or small tree height of about 10 m with a smooth gray bark. Young shoots dark red, with spines. The leaves on the branches are bare, up to 5 cm long, dark green on top, below - lighter, on pubescent petioles. Flowers - white or pink, with five petals, are collected in inflorescence. The fruit - a red-brown color, with a diameter of 1 cm, juicy, with two or three seeds, are spherical. Hawthorn common in nature grows in the European part of our country. Occurs on edges of forests, grows slowly, is not afraid of drought and frost.
Hawthorn blood-red or Siberian has a lower height (up to 4 m), branches purplish-brown with shoots, usually carrying a few thick, straight spines up to 5 cm. The leaves are shiny on both sides, short-staple fruit with three or four seeds, powdery pulp. Crataegus sanguinea grows in the European part of the country, in Siberia, Baikal, in Central Asia. It occurs in forest and steppe zones, edges of woods, along the banks of rivers.
Both types of hawthorn blossom in May and June. The fruits ripen in September-October.
The chemical composition of hawthorn and its effect on the human body
In the fruit, leaves, shoots, seeds, and flowers of hawthorn contains many biologically active substances that are involved in the regulation of metabolic processes in the human body. The shoots and fruits contain sugar, choline, acetylcholine, essential oils, vitamins B, C, carotene, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and bitter substances, essential fatty organic acids. It was also established presence in Hawthorn triterpene acids (oleanovoy, ursolic, krategovoy), increases blood circulation in the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle and brain, and increase the sensitivity of the cardiac muscle to the action of cardiac glycosides (medicines that are used in heart failure, they make the heart muscles contract harder and rarer).
Hawthorn has a stimulating effect on the heart muscle, reduces the feeling of heaviness and compression of the heart, lowers blood pressure, reduces pain, improves cerebral blood flow and circulation in the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle, reduces the excitability of the central nervous system, relieve mental and physical fatigue, improves performance.
The use of hawthorn
Drugs derived from hawthorn used in functional (without change the structure of the body), cardiac disorders, seizures, pain in the heart palpitation, vegetative-vascular dystonia, nervous exhaustion, insomnia, cerebrovascular disorders.
Infusions of fruit and flowers of hawthorn take rheumatism
Rheumatic fever - are possible complications of heart
, Edema, atherosclerosis, increased thyroid function
The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones
, Migraine, neurosis, epilepsy
Epilepsy - a sacred disease
, High blood pressure.
From the bark of young branches collected in early spring, prepare a broth, which is used as a binder (for diarrhea) and antipyretic.
Fruits are collected in late autumn, consumed fresh, cook jam, compotes, jelly, used as a filling for pies. The fruits and leaves are used for tea leaves instead of tea.
Harvesting and storage of medicinal raw materials
The flowers are harvested in early flowering in the form of buds (it is impossible to collect the flowers in the morning when they are covered with dew and after rain) and immediately dried in the open air under a canopy, spreading a thin layer. Store dried flowers in enclosed boxes or glass containers during the year.
The fruits are harvested in the fall, after full ripening and falling off foliage, dried at a temperature of about 50 ° C in an oven, then aerate, impurities are separated and stored in glass containers or bags made of thick fabric in two years.
Methods for the preparation of drugs Hawthorn
Hawthorn prepare tinctures, infusions and decoctions:
- tincture of hawthorn, two teaspoons (10 grams) of chopped dried hawthorn flowers pour 100 ml of vodka, insist 20 days, filter and take 20 drops three times a day;
- infusion of hawthorn, one tablespoon of flowers or two tablespoons of crushed fruits pour 1, 5 cups of boiling water, leave for 10-15 minutes, strain and take on a third cup three times a day for half an hour before meals;
- decoction of the hawthorn: tablespoon dried crushed fruits pour a glass of boiling water, boil for 15 minutes, strain, bring the volume to the original level, take on a tablespoon 3 times a day.
Contraindications and side effects when used drugs hawthorn
Drugs hawthorn contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to this plant, pregnancy, breast-feeding
Breast-feeding: feed - and no nails!
child. You should not take non-prescription hawthorn with cardiac glycosides (eg, digoxin), as it enhances the action of the latter.
With prolonged use at high doses may be the emergence of a rare heart rate (bradycardia), low blood pressure.
Galina Romanenko