If a woman failures occur in the menstrual cycle, it may become one of their frequent displays of various gynecological diseases, or their cause. Despite the great possibilities of adaptation of the female body has recently been a steady increase in such violations on the part of the menstrual function. First of all it can be explained by the presence of a multi-stage and complex system of regulation of the function.

The complexity of causal factors change cycle in women

Intermittent onset of menstruation is associated with complex cyclic changes in the activity of the reproductive system and the whole organism. Average during the menstrual cycle depends on the simultaneous interaction of all parts of the neuroendocrine regulation. Disturbances at any level can lead to menstrual dysfunction.

The causes of failure of the menstrual cycle are complex. Menstrual function is a very complex biological process that depends not only on the functional state of the reproductive system, as well as the state of a number of systems and organs of the body and general health of the woman. To cycle failures can cause a variety of organic and functional disorders that occur in the pathology of the internal organs. The presence of pathology of the internal organs often adversely affects the character of the menstrual cycle. Quite often motivated by exhaling, long proceeding diseases observed failures in the cycle. This can be observed in patients with cardiac disease, liver disease, pancreatic cancer, as well as the development of mental diseases Mental illness - ashamed to ask for help? . In patients with schizophrenia or meniakalno-depressive state, especially during exacerbation of the disease, the cycle goes astray, there are developmental delays menstruation amenorrhea, ie the cessation of menstrual function.

A lot of attention as a causative factor attached to infections .  Various chronic infectious processes, especially neyroinfektsy alter the functional activity of the central parts of the regulation, which is the cause of violations of cycle .  The presence of any source of infection in women is a predisposing factor for the formation of faults .  There is the suppression of the central production of hormones responsible for the activity of the entire neuroendocrine system and as a result - a violation of the cyclic production of sex hormones and disruption of the menstrual cycle .  The complex of diagnostic measures should include examination of the woman in order to exclude the presence of any infection foci .  It may be the disease from the upper respiratory tract, urinary tract, and other .  Any chronic inflammation should be treated, in the absence of acute carry out preventive measures to prevent the aggravation of the process .

Menstrual cycle and the effects of stress

Brain structures participate in the development of various failures cycle confirmed the chronological relationship between the beginning and the debut of the disease and the influence of a stressful situation. Stressful situations is not only stress or trauma in a sense, it could also be the start of sexual activity made abortion at different stages of pregnancy, regardless of the method of interrupting or physiological childbirth. Against the background of what happened stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis   the woman is a violation of the functions of the central departments due to changes in the regulation governing the production of substances. This in turn changes the process of allocation of central hormone in the pituitary gland (basal luteinizing hormone increases and decreases follicle), which naturally affects the process of folliculogenesis in the ovary, breaking it. The clinical manifestation of this hormonal imbalance is irregular menstruation. Failures in the menstrual cycle may be along the following lines:

• scanty menstruation - gipomenorreya
• shortening their duration - opsomenorreya
• lengthening the interval between periods - oligomenorreya

As a result of hormonal changes and disturbances at the level of the ovary develop characteristic changes in the ovaries, which can be characterized by their polycystic degeneration. This explains why the disease called polycystic or PCOS. In such a situation there is no physiological conditions for the process of ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? So the main complaint of patients is infertility. It also causes infertility lack of proper synthesis of the hormone progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology   in altered cells of ovarian tissue.

A certain importance is given to stress factors in the event of so-called depleted ovarian syndrome .  This syndrome is a multifactorial, but the dominant role given to the negative impact of environmental factors .  Onset of the disease is manifested in a series of failures .  Menses become rare with typical delays and eventually stop completely (development of amenorrhea) .  Against this background, the woman there are complaints of menopausal symptoms - sweating worried, "hot flashes" unpleasant pain in the heart, fatigue .  There is a gradual fading of the hormonal activity of the ovaries, which is confirmed by instrumental and hormone cytology .  A natural reaction on the part of the central hormone will be a sharp increase in their levels in the blood .  For every woman, it is important to eliminate any negative impact of environmental factors that may povyalit later her menstrual and reproductive function .  Various crashes in the menstrual cycle requires a survey of women to be able to prevent the development of complications (from the reproductive function is infertility) .

Marina Solovyov

Amenorrhea - is the lack of menstruation for at least six months, the reasons for amenorrhea varied. Amenorrhea may be physiological (ie natural) and the pathological. In the latter case, in order to help women rebuild their reproductive function, it is necessary to establish the cause of amenorrhea.

Physiological amenorrhea - what is it

Physiological amenorrhea - is a variant of the normal functioning of the female organism. Periods may normally be absent during pregnancy, infant feeding Breastfeeding - a personal choice   chest and during menopause. And if the first two reasons for women are not a surprise, the latter is often unexpected.

For example, some do not undergo menopause after 50 years old, and after 40-45 years. It occurs and is a variant of the norm. But in order to ensure that a woman must be examined, because the cause of early menopause may be pathological.

Pathologic amenorrhea - basic types

Pathologic amenorrhea - is the absence of menstruation, which developed due to some disease such as gynecological and general. Pathological amenorrhea can be divided into primary and secondary.

Primary amenorrhea - absence of menstruation is from the beginning, that is, after 15-16 years. Usually, the cause of amenorrhea is a kind of congenital abnormality.

Secondary amenorrhea - is the absence of menstruation for six months, provided that the earlier a woman has established menstrual cycle.

Causes of primary amenorrhea

Primary amenorrhea may occur with different genetic and congenital malformations. By the genetic anomalies are anomalies associated with abnormalities in chromosome apparatus. To identify such violations can only be by means of genetic research.

Congenital abnormalities may be associated with the peculiarities of functioning of neurohumoral system supporting the menstrual cycle, as well as with the anatomical structure of violations of the sexual organs.

Neurohumoral system that provides hormonal support of the menstrual cycle (and hence fertility) includes the cerebral cortex - the hypothalamus (a brain region responsible for the operation of the whole endocrine system) - the pituitary gland (the main endocrine gland, which regulates the activities of all the other endocrine glands ) and ovaries. Congenital imperfections on any of these levels can lead to the development of primary amenorrhea.

Finally, the cause of primary amenorrhea Primary amenorrhea - a consequence of the genetic damage   It could be a congenital anomaly structure of genitalia - no uterus imperforate vagina or cervix, the opening in the absence of the hymen and so on. In this case we speak of a false amenorrhea, as the neuroendocrine system is functioning normally, the menstrual cycle is regulated, but menstrual blood can not flow out to the outside of the presence of obstacles.

Causes of secondary amenorrhea

Causes of secondary amenorrhea are more diverse. It may be irregularities in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus due to severe neuro-psychiatric and physical activity, stress, poor nutrition (eg, frequent fasting, extreme diets). Sometimes, the development of amenorrhea lead long and hard for the common occurring chronic diseases (a consequence of intoxication). In young girls the cause of secondary amenorrhea may be sports, including sports, during which heavy physical activity combined with the stress.

The cause of secondary amenorrhea Secondary amenorrhea - a dangerous norm?   can be diseases and tumors of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. For example, the cause of amenorrhea can be a benign tumor of the pituitary gland secretes the hormone prolactin. Prolactin secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone delays the pituitary gland (FSH - it stands in the first half of the menstrual cycle), inhibits the maturation of the egg in the ovary, prolongs the existence of the corpus luteum and release of progesterone Progesterone - norm and pathology , And hence the onset of menstruation.

Diseases and tumors of the ovaries may also cause menstrual disorders and amenorrhea. Such diseases include polycystic ovarian syndrome, resistance syndrome and depleted ovarian benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Often a negative impact on the reproductive system of women have other endocrine glands, in the first place - the thyroid and adrenal glands. Diseases and tumors in these glands can also cause amenorrhea.

After suffering inflammation of the uterus, obstructed labor and abortion within the uterus may form adhesions that prevent leakage of menstrual blood. This amenorrhea is false.

The reasons are many amenorrhea. In order to help a woman restore normal reproductive function, all these factors need to be identified and eliminated.

Galina Romanenko