Follicular thyroid cancer - the second most common of all the views of thyroid cancer. He can begin to develop at any age, but most often it affects the elderly. This type of cancer is very difficult to diagnose using a fine needle biopsy, since although the tumor cells while studying under a microscope and look abnormal, they are not always able to recognize malignant (unlike, for example, papillary thyroid cancer Papillary thyroid cancer - the most common type Whose cells have a well-known characteristics and are difficult with something confused). In the case of follicular thyroid cancer, to determine whether the node gland malignancy, need to look at the surrounding capsule - if the abnormal tissue grows outside the capsule, it is likely the cancer.

Follicular thyroid cancer rarely spreads to the lymph nodes, more often - in the blood vessels and other organs such as the lungs or bones.

An average of follicular cancer is completely cured 95%, but with age, this figure is significantly reduced.

Symptoms and signs

In most patients, thyroid follicular cancer causes no symptoms. Typically, nodes in the thyroid gland The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones   detected during a medical examination, and upon closer investigation it turns out that they are cancerous. Family history also gives us very important information; If the patient's close relatives suffered from cancer of the thyroid gland, it is likely that he had developed the disease.

Sometimes, thyroid follicular cancer, indicate such symptoms as pain and swelling of the neck, difficulty swallowing, shortness of breath, change in voice. If the node is very large, the breath of the patient may be significantly hindered. In rare cases, the tumor grows into the laryngeal nerve, which is why the voice becomes hoarse.

Risk factors

In most cases, the reasons for which began to develop thyroid follicular cancer remain unknown (this is true for most other types of cancer - a disease that is still largely remains a very mysterious). Furthermore, it is important to note that some patients with multiple risk factors for developing cancer is not ever. in fact, most people diagnosed with "thyroid follicular cancer," absent any risk factors.

However, one should bear in mind the following factors, which to some extent increase the risk of cancer:

Exposure to radiation

Many types of thyroid cancer, including follicular, especially common among people who have ever been subjected to significant doses of ionizing radiation. The development of cancer caused by radiation may begin within almost any time after the impact - from a few years up to 30 or even 50 years. This risk factor can be divided into three main categories:

Exposure to radiation in childhood. In the 1940s and 1950s it was widely used treatment with X-rays. So treat enlarged tonsils, lymphoma, ringworm Ringworm - how not to be left without hair Acne, increased thymus. Some stores X-rays used to determine the size of the shoe, and many people still remember how funny looking their feet in the light of a fluoroscope. Children under the age of 15 years are the most sensitive to ionizing radiation. People who are in this age exposed to it, there is an increased risk of developing follicular and other type of cancer of the thyroid gland. At the same time, scientists believe that modern x-ray studies did not increase the risk of cancer.

Radiotherapy of the head, neck and chest is increasingly becoming a cause of thyroid cancer. When treating lymphoma, brain cancer, throat and lungs, as well as breast cancer, radiation therapy is most commonly used, have an impact on the thyroid gland.

Habitat. Follicular thyroid cancer can be caused by increased levels of radiation as a result of accidents at nuclear power plants or nuclear weapons tests. For example, after the Chernobyl accident in 1986, a lot of people have been exposed to ionizing radiation, and among them were many of those who later was diagnosed with thyroid cancer.

Sex

In women, thyroid follicular cancer, Thyroid cancer: it is curable   is diagnosed more often than men.

Thyroid disease

Various thyroid disease, including autoimmune, are also associated with increased risk of follicular thyroid cancer.

Iodine deficiency

Continuous and significant iodine deficiency may increase the likelihood of disease follicular thyroid cancer. If you suspect that you are not getting enough iodine, adjust your diet and / or begin taking vitamin supplements, which include iodine.

Cyst - a pathological cavity that has a wall and filled with a liquid or semi-liquid contents. The causes of the cyst related to the mechanism of its formation. There are several types of these formations, and they differ in the wall structure and the nature of the contents.

Dizontogeneticheskie cysts

Typically, these cysts are congenital. They are formed when the broken processes of tissues and organs in utero.

Of the surviving remnants of gill slits brahiogennye appear cysts, which are located on the side of the neck. If the baby is born he is not overgrown thyroid reed-duct, which during embryonic development combines the germ of the thyroid gland and mouth formed a cyst on the front of the neck. Abnormal development of the liver and kidney are often accompanied by the formation of these bodies pathological cavities.

Dermoid cyst is also occur in disorders of embryonic development. It is a circular cavity with thick walls, which are formed by connective tissue. Cyst comprises jelly gray or brown color, consisting of fat flakes epidermis and cholesterol crystals. Inside the cavity are the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, hair, teeth, parts of the bone tissue.

Traumatic cysts

Under the influence of the damaging effects of the introduction of epithelium occurs in the soft tissues downstream. Epithelium - a layer of cells which lines the surface of the body, mucous membranes, internal organs, glands, many forms of the human body.

The most common traumatic cyst - a cyst epithelial palms and fingers. By the same mechanism pathological cavities may be formed in the iris of the eye, liver and pancreas.

Retention cyst

These cysts are formed in the glands when there retention (delay) of outflow secret which is generated therein. This is usually due to blockage of microscopic flow stones clot itself gland secretions, as well as by squeezing it from the outside scars or tumors. Mucous or watery content is gradually accumulated in the channel or the lobules and thus stretches of wall. This results in a cavity which is covered from the inside epithelium.

This group includes:

• Cysts of the salivary glands. Most often formed cysts minor salivary glands, they are usually formed due to biting mucosa of the lower lip or cheek. If there is damage to the ducts or lobules of the sublingual salivary gland, there is a cyst, which is called sublingual cyst.
• Breast cysts, which are usually a manifestation of mastitis. They are formed as a result of hormonal disorders Hormonal disorders - oversupply and a lack of equally dangerous   in women. Laktotsele - another kind of retention cysts, in which iron forms a cavity filled with milk. This happens when after suffering inflammation of the milk ducts scar obstacle arises. Also, the reason can be laktotsele injury or abnormal development of breast cancer.
• Retention Education ovaries, which include follicular, luteal, endometrioid, parovarian cyst. Follicular cyst often forms on the background of the inflammatory process. At the same time do not ovulate and the follicle continues to grow in size. Luteal cyst is also a consequence of myocardial inflammation. It develops due to excessive accumulation of fluid in the corpus luteum, which forms after ovulation Ovulation - How to determine as accurately as possible? . Parovarian cyst are the result of delays in the tubule secretion nadyaichnikovogo appendage (this formation is in the broad ligament between the tubes and ovaries). Endometrial cysts - is a variant of the disease, which is called endometriosis Endometriosis - a serious problem with serious consequences . In the ovary formed pockets of fabric, which resembles in its structure the uterine lining (endometrium).
• Prostatic cysts, which are formed on the background of chronic prostatitis Chronic prostatitis - every man should know his signs   or tumors. When a compression gland ducts, broken drain its secretions, and it accumulates in the prostate lobules (false cyst) or between (true cyst).

Ramolitsionnye cysts

These cysts are formed on the site of necrosis (necrosis) of a portion of an organ. Around the lesion formed sheath of connective tissue, which later forms a cyst wall. The dead tissue by enzymes gradually soften, liquefy and dissolve.

The most common cysts, arising in the brain after a stroke. Ramolitsionnye cysts are also formed in the fibrous ostite when there is bone resorption and its replacement by connective tissue and in benign bone tumors (osteoblastoma).

Tumor cyst

They are formed in those cases where the growing tumor formed in single- or multi-chamber cavity. This is due to metabolic disorders in the tissue where the tumor originated.

Most of these cysts occur in organs of glandular tissue. For example, this occurs when salivary gland adenoma.

Parasitic cyst

They are separated from the surrounding tissue the body of the parasite. Hydatid disease - a disease which is caused by tapeworm larvae parasitism, one of the representatives of tapeworms. The main source of this parasite - the dog. A person can become ill after contact with infected animals, from drinking water sources contaminated with parasite eggs, the collection of herbs and berries.

In this disease often form cysts in the liver, lungs, at least - in the biliary tract, brain, spleen, heart and bones. Echinococcosis long time may be asymptomatic, but when cysts grow large, they begin to compress the surrounding tissue. Sometimes they may fester and burst, while the contents of the cavity located next to infect, for example, abdominal or pleural. Parasites also cause allergic reactions.

If the cyst is large, because it disrupts the function of an organ or there are complications, it is necessary to carry out surgery. Cyst removed alone or together with a portion of the affected organ. Many cysts of the liver and pancreas can be treated with percutaneous puncture (puncture of the cyst wall and the removal of its contents through the needle).

Alexander Chernov