Drops for eyes - how to use them properly? - Forms of medicines

November 5, 2009

Drops for eyes - how to use them properly?
Drug Forms

Drug Forms

Today released several thousand drugs, it allows the doctor to choose the necessary funds or a combination thereof for the treatment of a disease.

For different effects on the body are made of different drug forms, the most suitable for the application. The formulations can be made at pharmaceutical factories (officinal forms) or in industrial pharmacy (main form). They can be solid (tablets), liquid (eg, drops), soft (ointments), gaseous (for narcosis). The drug may be produced in different dosage forms.

Dosage Form

Drops - a liquid form medications that may contain one or more drugs, dissolved in an aqueous or non-aqueous solvent and dosed droplets. There are drops for topical (eye, ear, nose) or internal (eg, valokordin) applications. In the manufacture of a medicine drops metered by weight and volume. Suitable solvents for this type of droplet use distilled water, alcohol, glycerin Glycerine: a miracle ingredient for skin and hair , Various oils.

Eye drops are produced using special cleaning techniques so that a minute medicine penetrated through the outer membrane of the eye into the eyeball. Officinal forms are packaged in special plastic pipette, which is produced by pressing only one drop of medication. Trunk (prepared in a pharmacy) drops buried via eye pipettes for personal use (in order not to carry infection).

How to apply eye drops

The eye is very sensitive to any impact, so the eye drops should be instilled in strict accordance with the appointment of an ophthalmologist. In no case can not be alone, without a doctor, change the mode of instillation, as some eye drops matter what time of day they are used and indiscriminate use reduces the therapeutic effect. If necessary, use several types of droplets, their buried alternately at intervals of a few minutes. Eye ointment should be applied after the drops, but not vice versa, as mild forms of medicines will prevent the penetration of droplets inside the eyeball.

Nor can it be their own or on the advice of a pharmacist in a pharmacy change one drug to another, it is best to consult with an ophthalmologist: the eye - this is a very sensitive organ, and even analogues (the same drugs produced by different manufacturers under different names) do not always act the same way.

An ophthalmologist, there is one indisputable setting: You can not use the drops assigned to another patient, even if they do it very well help. The fact that, apparently, the same disease always have some kind of their individual differences, which is especially noticeable on such a sensitive organ, the eye. Therefore, the drop is usually selected individually.

Eye drops (especially the main form, prepared at the pharmacy) stored in the refrigerator, but still better storage follow the recommendations of the manufacturer. Before burying the pipette can be lowered into the hot water to the drops were not too cold - in this way they are less absorbed and may irritate eye tissue.

After opening the bottle drops are stored for about a week, but if the drops have changed their color or texture (eg, fallen flakes), they must be replaced.

Independently, immediately prior to use, solutions can be prepared only eyewash: slightly pink solution of manganese (watch that no undissolved crystals), freshly brewed tea, infusions of herbs disinfectants.

Discomfort that can occur when eye drops

In some cases, after instillation of the drops appear burning, itching and even pain. If these feelings are kept for a long time and constantly repeated, mucous membrane eye looks reddened and irritated, you should seek medical attention - these may be signs of individual intolerance, allergies or excessive dryness.

Strabismus - how to find the cause? - Lesions of the eye muscles

July 23, 2009

Strabismus - how to find the cause?
Lesions of the eye muscles
Kinds
Treatment

squint eye muscles defeat

Strabismus thus defeat the eye muscles

Such damage may occur, for example, stroke (brain haemorrhage) or congenital brain lesions. If one of the three affected eye muscles, the patient eye deviates in the opposite direction, the angle of deviation of the primary. The amount of deviation of the eyes (strabismus angle) increases as moving your eyes in the direction of action of the affected muscles.

If the patient is looking for a sick eye, the good eye is rejected (this secondary angle of deviation), and at a much greater angle than the one that was rejected by the patient eye. The eye does not move in the direction of the affected muscles. With fresh injuries when the body has not had time to adapt to the new conditions, in such patients appears double vision and dizziness which disappear if one eye is closed. For paralytic strabismus is also characteristic of the forced position of the head - light turn or tilt. If all three struck a nerve innervating the external muscles of the eye, the eye becomes completely immobile.

Treatment of strabismus caused by the defeat of the oculomotor nerve

Before treatment is required to establish the exact cause of a squint, and the underlying disease being treated. Be sure to prescribe exercise for the development of the mobility of the eye, then attach physiotherapy to stimulate these muscles.

To eliminate ghosting in gases using special glasses, shutdown or partial shutdown function of the patient eye with opaque eyeglasses.

If persistent paralysis performed surgery, which is carried out not earlier than six months after the treatment.

Strabismus friendly

Frustration mechanism of binocular vision can be congenital or acquired (for example, with a sharp decrease in visual acuity in one eye). It can be independent or be in the background of any other disease to be both periodic and permanent. It also occurs strabismus, in which some eye squints one or both alternately.

Convergent squint is called strabismus, when the visual axis of one eye turned down inwards, divergent - when the visual axis is rejected outward.

Friendly esotropia Convergent strabismus - the need for regular check-ups usually develops in early childhood and the beginning is often intermittent. Gradually restructuring of the entire visual system of the child, the result of which is the gradual elimination of the image of the visual perception and there is loss of the adaptive visual field, by which the body eliminates diplopia. Such a loss is eliminated by closing one eye. With age (if not treated) squint becomes severe and permanent.

Treatment of concomitant strabismus

First of all, such a patient is carried correction of disorders of visual acuity of the squinting eye. To do this, after the removal of accommodation (ciliary muscle work, changing the curvature of the lens) by instillation of atropine solution are assigned points. Constant optical correction in conjunction with the special exercises for eyes Gymnastics for the eyes: improves vision - The main method of treatment of convergent and divergent strabismus Exotropia - full perception violation . When restoring binocular vision optical correction is gradually reduced and then overturned.

If the constant wearing glasses does not eliminate the squint, then resort to surgery. The purpose of operations on the eye muscles during concomitant strabismus Friendly squint - which determines the characteristics of the disease It is that by changing the tension force muscles to get symmetric or near the position of the eye and thereby contribute to the restoration binocular vision. To do this, two types of operations are carried out - and destructive action of the eye muscles.

Remember, the sooner treatment is started squint, so it is more efficient.