The inflammatory process that develops in the sinuses, called sinusitis Sinusitis - when a puncture is required . The disease has several clinical variants. Acute sinusitis occurs with severe symptoms of general inflammatory response of the body, with delayed treatment may be complicated by the further spread of infection to adjacent organs and tissues.

What is the cause of

As the immediate cause of acute sinusitis acts infectious factor. Activators can be a fungus, viruses, and bacterial species. The microorganisms penetrate into the sinuses through the nasal passage or by hematogenous. The mucous membrane swells due to inflammation, it ultimately leads to the closure of the lumen, which connects the cavity of the sinus and nasal cavity. Edematous mucosa continues to produce secret mucus, but due to blockage of the lumen of the content can not be evacuated from the sinuses, so stagnant. These conditions are most favorable for the growth of bacteria, particularly in the absence of oxygen in the sinus cavity. The inflammation becomes purulent, it is clinically manifested symptoms of acute purulent process.

Please note that there are a number of predisposing factors, which contribute to the development of acute sinusitis. These include the following factors:

• inefficient and untimely treatment of colds, respiratory infections (colds, flu, acute viral infection)
• the presence of anatomical defects such as deviated septum Deviated septum - is not just a cosmetic defect Increase turbinates, which will interfere with nasal breathing. If the patient diagnosed such anatomical defects, they must be eliminated by surgery. Conduct operations in the period of acute inflammation subsided
• presence of allergic diseases
• a state of immune deficiency. First and foremost in this group should be predisposing factors include chronic illness, long-flowing, affect the state of immunity. If sinusitis develops in childhood, then be sure to exclude the presence of a child helminthiasis. This group of diseases contributes to increased sensitization of the body, so for the development of infectious diseases will be the most favorable conditions

In a separate group of factors predisposing to acute sinusitis, include asymptomatic bacteriocarrier. The man is a carrier of the bacteria, but this is not clinically manifested symptoms of the disease. The presence of bacteria can be detected only on the basis of conducted bacteriological research (collection of material produced from the mouth and nose). His activity pathogenic bacteria begin to show after colds, which can be a complication of acute sinusitis. It is recommended that bacteriological examination of the definition of sensitivity to antibiotics Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   In all cases of acute sinusitis that will subsequently select the required antibiotics.

How to prevent complications

Sinusitis in an acute form in the case of late diagnosis and inadequate treatment can lead to complications. The diagnostic value of X-ray examination is conducted sinuses. The pictures will be visible characteristic of inflammatory changes. By modern diagnostic methods include computed tomography. The method allows to detect abnormal changes in the earliest stages of the disease. If the diagnosis of acute sinusitis is installed in a timely manner, the patient receives a full course of anti-inflammatory therapy, it is possible to avoid the development of later complications.

Complications of acute sinusitis associated with the spread of pathogens. Given the proximity of the anatomical organ of vision, the brain, it becomes clear why these organs are most at risk of infection in. If acute sinusitis occurs in the form of purulent inflammation, it can be destroyed bone wall sinuses, and inflammation goes to the bone of the upper jaw. The picture of osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis: severe inflammatory disease . This complication may occur in advanced and severe sinusitis when long pus accumulates in the sinus cavity and evacuated from it. In some cases the inflammatory process may initially severe that is connected directly facing the causative agent, with its virulent properties and susceptibility to antimicrobial therapy.

In terms of prevention of complications is still relevant question of the need to carry out a puncture sinuses or not to .  Many patients mistakenly imagine that after a puncture must sinusitis become chronic and then it will be difficult to achieve recovery .  To assign a sinus puncture, there are strict indications .  If acute purulent sinusitis is characterized by the development process, some conservative methods of treatment is difficult to restore the airway and to remove pus from the sinus cavity .  Puncture allows the evacuation of pus in the cavity and enter the necessary antiseptics .  In acute sinusitis runflat sinus cavity administered special catheters (or tube) through which the lavage produce .  This procedure should be done in a specialized department to be able to provide constant medical supervision .  Do not start treatment on their own, without medical advice, to be treated for a long time at home .  Timely provision of medical care in acute inflammation is a means of preventing the development of complications of sinusitis .

Acute laryngitis - inflammation of the larynx, often develops in children. Normally vocal folds look smooth, pinkish-gray, pearl color and are responsible for the formation of sounds. Inflammation leads to loss of gloss and smoothness, thickening of the folds, causing hoarseness of the voice changes to a complete loss. Children up to three years the short distance between the folds and highly developed interstitial tissue, which has a pronounced hydrophilic properties, and therefore they have developed rapidly swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   laryngeal respiratory failure (false croup). That is why the disease is most difficult to carry infants with paratrofiey second - third degree.

Etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations

Laryngitis caused by a viral or bacterial infection, injury, burns the throat and strain its ligamentous apparatus. Acute laryngitis in infants often caused by viruses, with the rapid development of symptoms.

There are laryngitis without stenosis and constrictive. Laryngitis without stenosis manifested fever and hoarseness. Catarrhal syndrome may be faint or absent. Constrictive laryngitis, shortness of breath accompanied by varying degrees.

• Stenosis of the first degree

The child's condition moderate, well-being suffers slightly. There is a slight hoarseness, cyanosis nasolabial triangle, retraction of the jugular fossa during breathing.

• Stenosis of the second degree

The child's condition moderate, well-being suffers. The child is restless, whiny. A marked nasolabial triangle cyanosis, breathing involves the jugular and supraclavicular fossa.

• Stenosis of the third degree

The child's condition is heavy. He feels much suffering, he slowed down and scared. There general cyanosis. The breathing involved jugular and supraclavicular fossa, intercostal spaces muscles. Noisy breathing, stenotic, which can be heard at a considerable distance from the child.

Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis is based on characteristic clinical data, in the form of hoarseness, rough, barking cough and difficulty breathing. ENT examination confirms the diagnosis. Acute laryngitis for young children - a very dangerous condition that can lead to death, and therefore the treatment should be comprehensive and timely. Therapeutic and protective regime lies in the psychological and voice alone. Meals should be neutral, soft, warm, non-irritating. Be sure the appointment of drinking regime in which the child receives a warm alkaline mineral water without gas and a half liters per day, depending on age, fractional: one teaspoon or tablespoon every five - ten minutes.

At the first sign of stenosis, at any time you need to urgently call the emergency doctor on the house. Before the arrival of the doctor need to remain calm. The child must be in the hands of the mother.

Well help inhalation wet steam, at home they spend in the bathroom, letting the hot water through the shower. Once the room is filled with steam, mother and child in clothes that you can easily change clothes, go there. The child is not afraid, need to bring favorite toys or books. Coming out of the bathroom, you need to quickly change out the baby into dry clothes, drink warm water. Such inhalation should be performed on ten minutes, ten - fifteen minutes before the arrival of the ambulance.

Stenosis of the larynx is required hospitalization in profile hospital since deterioration can develop very quickly and require assistance or laringostomii resuscitation.

Forecast laryngitis Laryngitis - deadly   without signs of stenosis and the right treatment is favorable. Improving the condition occurs during the day. Improper or late treatment of stenotic laryngitis - a dubious prognosis, possibly fatal.

Svetlana Shimkovich