Inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia) can take place in different ways. Sometimes this disease is very difficult and requires hospitalization. There are cases of pneumonia and lung, but the danger in this case, the patient may not be less. The fact that some patients have a tendency to self, and it is absolutely contraindicated in pneumonia, as it leads to serious complications.

Basic principles of treatment of pneumonia

Treatment of any pneumonia should be complex. The treatment composition includes antibacterial drugs needed for suppressing infection and symptomatic treatment, that is assigned depending on which symptoms appear in the patient.

Furthermore, appointed obscheukrempyayuschie drugs and immunomodulators Immunomodulators: a contract with the protective forces of the body That can increase the body's resistance to infection. Of great importance is daily routine and diet of the patient. It just seems that the treatment of mild pneumonia can be combined with work. Indeed, any load during treatment reduces the effectiveness of treatment and may cause complications.

No less important is the food of the patient, which depends on the immune system, that is, resistance to infection. Food should be rich in proteins (they are needed for the synthesis of immune cells), complex carbohydrates (energy source), vegetable and animal fats (without them can not be correct metabolism), vitamins and minerals (these substances are present in food in small quantities, but without them proper metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting   It is not possible).

After the patient's temperature decreases, it is assigned a thermal and physiotherapy, breathing exercises, and then the complexes of physiotherapy.

The choice of antibiotics for treatment of pneumonia

Through many clinical trials were identified which types of antibiotics most effectively suppress the livelihoods of those or other infectious agents. But the peculiarity of infectious agents is that they quickly "get used" to certain antibiotics, especially if they are used frequently. Therefore, in the treatment of pneumonia performed a preliminary analysis of sputum - sowing it on the culture media in order to identify the infectious agent and its sensitivity to antibiotics.

Unfortunately, the wait for the results of such an analysis is necessary for several days, and so the doctor has to prescribe antibiotics at first blindly focusing on the symptoms of the disease. The fact that different infectious agents contribute to the development of various manifestations of the disease and show the sensitivity to different antibiotics.

So, pneumococci are sensitive to penicillin antibiotics (amoxiclav) and cephalosporin (cefotaxime, ceftriaxone), as well as to macrolides (sumamed, vilprafen). Pathogenic staphylococci and E. coli are sensitive mainly to the cephalosporin antibiotics, but sometimes show sensitivity to other drugs. A mycoplasma, chlamydia Chlamydia: insidious and widespread disease   Legionella and sensitive to tetracycline antibiotics (mainly doxycycline), macrolides (sumamed, vilprafen) and fluoroquinolones (ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin).

If, within two or three days to improve the patient's condition is not present, an antibiotic Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   change. The duration of antibacterial therapy depends on the patient's condition. In milder forms, respond well to treatment, antibiotics are prescribed for 7-10 days. And in severe forms of pneumonia duration of treatment is determined individually.

Expectorant and expand the bronchi drugs

When inflammation in the lungs of great importance is the timely removal of airway mucus. For this purpose prescriber facilitate liquefaction (mucolytics) and expectoration (expectorant), drugs.

To include mucolytics: bromhexine, ambroxol - these drugs are often used to treat pneumonia because they do not increase the amount of mucus and alter its structure, resulting in sputum becomes less viscous and well coughs.

It is an expectorant, most herbal medicines. Some of them helps to remove phlegm by stepping motor activity villi bronchial epithelium (marshmallow root, licorice root, grass Thermopsis and others), and some - by thinning mucus, but unlike mucolytics they phlegm, pulling her liquid, It has increased the volume of sputum (sodium bicarbonate). When pneumonia, these drugs are not always suitable.

What else treat pneumonia

Treatment of pneumonia also depends on the symptoms, such treatment is called symptomatic. For example, with severe pneumonia often come to the fore symptoms of intoxication (poisoning toxins, bacteria and decay products of tissues). In such cases, intravenously administered detoxification solutions.

Often pneumonia there are various disorders of the cardiovascular system, which also require correction.

Treatment of pneumonia may be carried out only under medical supervision.

Galina Romanenko

Severe forms of pneumonia are treated only in a hospital - too great a risk of complications, which in the outpatient setting can not be overcome. Very severe pneumonia treated in intensive care, as this develop complications that threaten the life of the patient.

Treatment of lobar pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia runs hard and requires treatment only in the hospital, because often gives complications of the cardiovascular system.

During treatment, the patient must comply with bed rest and eat right. The Chamber, where a patient should be regularly aired.

Treatment of lobar pneumonia is divided into pharmacological and non-pharmacological. To medical treatment are causal (impact on the pathogen), pathogenetic (impact on the mechanisms of the disease) and symptomatic (assigned according to the symptoms of the disease) therapy.

For non-drug therapies include thermal and physiotherapy, breathing exercises, physiotherapy, reflexology Reflexology - a policy of non-drug therapies   and so on.

Etiotropic treatment

Etiotropic treatment - is the impact on the cause of the disease. When lobar pneumonia cause of the disease (infectious agent) is most often Streptococcus pneumoniae. To suppress the vital activity of the pathogen used drugs penicillin (amoxicillin, amoksiklav). But in some cases, pneumococcus exhibits resistance to these drugs, then prescribe medications cephalosporin (e.g., ceftriaxone).

Assign these antibiotics are administered parenterally, i.e. by injection (usually intravenously). If after two or three days, the patient's condition is not improving, the antibiotic Antibiotics - whether they will help you in the foreseeable future?   change. After getting taken before treatment analysis (conducted sputum culture to identify the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics) the appointment of antibacterial therapy may also be adjusted.

Pathogenetic treatment

Pathogenetic treatment aimed at restoring function broncho-pulmonary system. Restored patency of the bronchi and sputum displayed. For this purpose, appointed medicines that help dilate the bronchi and thinning phlegm eliminate it from the airways. For example, widely used in the treatment of lobar pneumonia received Ambroxol (Mucosolvan, ambrobene). This drug has both mucolytic properties (can phlegm, without increasing its volume) and helps to remove phlegm from the bronchial tubes by activating the motor activity of the cilia of the bronchial mucosa.

But most important of ambroxol in its ability to increase the content of alveolar surfactant surfactant which spreads the alveoli during inspiration, and prevents sticking together during exhalation.

With a view to removing phlegm their airways are also used various herbal remedies - marshmallow root, licorice root, and so on.

Symptomatic treatment

The main objective of symptomatic treatment is the removal of intoxication caused by the toxins of bacteria and toxins produced in the decay of tissues. For this purpose, the patient intravenously administered solutions plasma substitutes. The large volume of liquid administered is not recommended, as this may lead to an increased load on the heart, which can lead to complications such as blood stasis in the pulmonary circulation and pulmonary edema. Therefore, treatment of severe pneumonia requires a lot of professionalism.

Lobar pneumonia often gives complications of the cardiovascular system, which can also lead to swelling Prevention and treatment of edema - it is important to understand the root cause   light. For the treatment of drugs used to stimulate the heart muscle (cardiac glycosides, such as strophanthin) and diuretics (Lasix). If signs of an infectious-toxic shock administered glucocorticoid hormones (such as prednisone).

As the occurrence of certain symptoms are assigned and other drugs.

Non-drug treatments lobar pneumonia

Physiotherapy administered after the patient returning to normal temperature. In the midst of disease appoint UHF during the resorption of infiltration - microwave therapy. Restore lung function to help heat treatments - mud, paraffin, ozokerite. In any of the periods of the disease can be assigned electrophoresis: the beginning of the disease in the anti-inflammatory agents or with antibiotics, at the peak - with expectorant and dilates the bronchi, the recovery period - with immunostimulants (for example, an extract of aloe) or absorbable means (for example, with Aloe).

When the temperature is used as breathing exercises - it increases the respiratory activity of the chest and stretch formed pleural adhesions. During the recovery period applies physiotherapy.

Galina Romanenko