Pityriasis or multicolored lichen Colorful lichen: relapses   - A common fungal skin infection. Fungus gives the natural pigmentation of the skin, which leads to appearance of small spots, usually dark in color. These stains may have more light than natural skin tone, color, but in any case they have clear boundaries. Most often, these spots are formed on the torso and shoulders. Disease are particularly susceptible to teenagers and people under the age of 30 years. When exposed to sunlight the symptoms of tinea versicolor may become more visible.

Antifungal ointments, lotions and shampoos can accelerate the recovery of patients pityriasis versicolor, but even after successful treatment of the skin tone may be uneven for several more weeks. People who once had been ill pityriasis versicolor, relapses occur frequently - typically they begin to warm, wet weather.

Symptoms

The main symptoms of tinea versicolor are:

• The reddish, dark brown, pink, or white spots on the skin White spots on skin - What are the causes and how to treat? ;
• Itching (usually mild to moderate);
• Defurfuration skin (the symptom of the disease owes its name).

In most patients, stains and peeling occur on the back, chest, neck and forearms.

Seek professional medical help if a peeling and itching can not handle their own means (eg, intensively moisturizing cream), if the rash covers large areas of skin, and if developed recurrent episodes of infection.

Causes

The fungus, which is the causative agent of pityriasis versicolor, normally present on healthy skin Healthy skin - daily program for skin care . Pityriasis versicolor occurs when fungus begins to multiply excessively active. This can be facilitated by several factors, such as:

• Hot weather and high humidity;
• Sweating;
• Oily skin;
• Hormonal changes;
• Weakened immune system The immune system - how it works? .

Diagnostics

When symptoms of tinea versicolor can contact your family doctor, but he will most likely refer you to a dermatologist. To diagnose pityriasis versicolor, a specialist is usually fairly simple examination of the patient and the information obtained from his story about the symptoms and course of the disease. If you have any doubt about the diagnosis, the doctor may take a sample of skin flakes from affected areas for further study under a microscope.

Treatment

If the patient has a severe form of tinea versicolor, and if the symptoms can not be alleviated by means of OTC anti-fungal medications, your doctor may prescribe prescription drugs. The therapy can be used as the preparations for topical and oral application.

The most common treatments are assigned to the following means:

• Ciclopirox (Loprox, Penlac) -maz, gel or lotion;
• Fluconazole (Diflucan) - tablets;
• Itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox) - capsules or tablets;
• Ketoconazole (Extina, Nizoral, and others) - a cream, foam cleanser, gel, shampoo or tablets;
• Selenium sulfide (Selsun) - 2.5% lotion or shampoo.

Skin tone can be fully normalized only after a few weeks or even months after treatment. Furthermore, there is a significant likelihood of recurrence of infection. Some patients relapse prevention must take certain medication 1-2 times a month.

In mild cases, significant improvements can be achieved with the help of antifungal lotions, ointments or shampoos that are sold without a prescription. Most patients chromophytosis well treated by the following means:

• Clotrimazole - ointment or lotion;
• Miconazole (Monistat, M-Zole) - ointment;
• Selenium sulfide - 1% of the shampoo;
• Terbinafine (Lamisil) - ointment or gel.

Wash and dry (do not rub the towel) affected skin. Then apply a thin layer of skin ointment and gel. This should be done once or twice a month (read the instructions on the package), at least two weeks. If you use a medicated shampoo, apply it on the scalp and rinse off after 5-10 minutes.

If after four weeks you will not notice improvement, seek medical attention - perhaps you need a more potent agent.

Prevention

To prevent a recurrence of tinea versicolor doctor may prescribe regular use of the shampoo with a 2.5-percentage selenium sulfide, ketoconazole or itraconazole.

Rotavirus - is one of the most common diseases in infants and young children worldwide. Most children who are not vaccinated against rotavirus, they become infected before they turn three years. There are many different strains of rotavirus, and one person can be infected by several of them. Determine their help in the analysis of rotavirus infection.

The infection is highly contagious and usually goes away on its own in just three to nine days. However, it can be very dangerous for people who take immunosuppressive drugs after a bone marrow transplant, and for older people with poor health. Most of the adults, it occurs with symptoms of mild and easily tolerated.

When doing analysis on rotavirus infection

Analysis on rotavirus infection can be administered to patients who have had symptoms of the disease as fever, nausea, Nausea - there may be problems with the nervous system , Vomiting, diarrhea Diarrhea (diarrhea) - a familiar nuisance . Diarrhea during infection with rotavirus can be a relatively weak and very strong and long lasting. However, many patients experience severe abdominal cramps, which briefly stopped immediately after defecation. Diarrhea and vomiting can lead to dehydration, which is especially dangerous for young children. If you suspect a rotavirus infection in a child as soon as possible to see a doctor and pass the necessary tests.

Then his concentration starts to decrease, and rotavirus excreted from the body within a few days after the acute phase of the illness ends. Samples were collected in eight days or more after the onset of the disease may not contain enough virus to test for rotavirus antigen gave a positive result.

Fecal rotavirus infection

Fecal rotavirus infection does not require special preparation of the patient, but the collection of samples is not recommended after a patient took laxatives, use of rectal suppositories or enemas did.

To collect the stool can not be used toilet paper. Faeces intended for analysis must not come into contact with urine and toilet - this may affect the accuracy of test results. To analyze only one or two grams of feces. The sample must be placed in a sterile plastic container and close the lid tightly. It needs to be transported to the laboratory on the same day. If you do not go there immediately, can be stored for several hours in the feces container in the refrigerator. On the container must indicate the name of the patient and the time of collection of images for analysis; depending on the rules of the hospital or clinic, they can specify either the patient or members of the medical staff.

Diagnostics

Modern kits for diagnosis of rotavirus infection are designed to detect rotavirus antigen VP6 of group A. At the present time there are several licensed kits for such tests, and they differ about the same accuracy. Recent studies have shown that the diagnosis carried out by means of such kits can be a pretty big chance to give false-positive results - especially in children vaccinated against rotavirus. However, the probability of false negative results is much less - provided that the analysis is done too late. For the diagnosis of rotavirus infection can also use blood tests Blood tests: a mirror of health   or vomit, but fecal How to pass a stool, so as not to spoil it   It is used most often. Test results are reported in patients, usually every other day.

Additionally, rotavirus infection can be diagnosed by electron microscopy - he was used to detect the virus initially. The method is very accurate, and it can be used to detect rotavirus strains, which do not "see" the test antigens. However, this method of diagnostics of roads, and most hospitals do not have the resources needed to investigate with the help of a large number of samples. Today, this method is used mainly in special laboratories, which conducted the research.