Blood sugar - should be able to do every patient - Breakdown

September 9, 2013

Blood sugar - should be able to do every patient
At home
Decoding

decryption blood sugar

Deciphering a blood test for sugar

To navigate in the results obtained, it is necessary to know the rate of blood sugar The rate of sugar in the blood - where the line between normal and abnormal? . In healthy human blood fasting glucose level is 3, 5-5, 5 mmol / l. If the blood tests were carried out not on an empty stomach, it may be the top indicator is 7, 8 mmol / L. After two hours postprandial blood sugar level should come to normal.

In patients with diabetes such indicators are rare, they are usually higher. In order to control blood sugar Blood sugar - a very important indicator , The patient should know their individual threshold blood sugar, in which sugar begins to stand out in the urine. On average, it is equal to 8.11 mmol / L, but the exact figure is an individual. Allow the sugar rise above the threshold can not be - it leads to loss of energy resources and serious violations of carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

Determine threshold blood sugar is possible, by making more double studies (blood and urine samples at intervals of 30 minutes) at different times of the day. Analysis of urine for sugar is carried out using special test strips. Before carrying out research is needed to help (the urine sample in the study is not useful). The results should be written in the form of a table and analyze - the threshold corresponds to the minimum amount of glucose, which is excreted in the urine (usually marks).

Patients also need to know the critical indicators of blood sugar. The upper figure is considered critical to the level of 25 mmol / L or higher and lower - 2, and 3 below. Such measures blood sugar suggest that there was a threat to the life of the patient and an urgent need to take measures to restore sugar.

Patients with diabetes mellitus may occur not only a sharp rise in blood sugar, but also a sharp decline in his (hypoglycemia). And it's also very dangerous. To develop this condition in diabetes, both in reducing sugar levels below normal, and in normal, as well as a pinch of sugar. In the latter case we speak of a false hypoglycemia. This occurs when a sharp decrease (but does not reach the upper level of normal) Blood sugar occurs on a background of stable high performance of its content in the blood ..

High blood sugar requires insulin, and low - term acceptance of carbohydrate - sugar, candy, etc. After receiving the sweets should eat a piece of bread or porridge - any product which is composed of complex carbohydrates. This will permanently raise blood sugar.

In some cases, the diagnosis of diabetes

Many would like to know on what basis the first time exhibited a diagnosis of diabetes. Such a diagnosis is made, if the results of the analysis of blood sugar were fasted 6 above, 1 mmol / l, or in a conventional assay (not on an empty stomach, at least two times greater than it is outside of 10 mmol / l. Sometimes the detected blood sugar level Blood sugar - one of the main indicators of human health higher than normal but not high enough to manifest symptoms of diabetes. Such patients are conducting a study with a load of sugar, or glucose tolerance test.

How could move glucose tolerance test (GTT)

GGT is measured in blood sugar levels before and after a glucose standard dose (75 g) on an empty stomach. For the test for 3 days the patient should observe his usual diet. The test is performed in the morning after an overnight fast of at least 10 hours. The patient can drink plenty of water, but you can not smoke.

The patient bled on an empty stomach, and then 75 g glucose dissolved in a glass of water and give it to drink. After two hours, take again take blood sugar.

Decoding results GGT: normal parameters of a blood test for sugar Sugar in the blood of pregnant women: how not to miss the right moment immediately after the sugar load increases, it stimulates the release of insulin. Insulin promotes the absorption of sugar and reduce its content to normal after two hours.

The term "impaired glucose tolerance" and "abnormal fasting glucose" are used in cases where signs of diabetes is not detected, although the test results are different from the norm. These patients have an increased risk of diabetes and must undergo an annual examination.

If during OGTT in the analysis of blood glucose was found 6, 1-7, 0 mmol / l of sugar, and two hours after the load - 7, 8-11 mmol / l, we speak of increased glucose tolerance. Such a person is not sick, but is at risk of ill in the near future.

Why in the urine of diabetics appears acetone and how to identify

Acetone in urine occurs in patients with type I diabetes by increasing blood sugar to 13.5-16.5 mmol / L. In this case, starvation of cells leads to the fact that energy derived from fat begins. During this process, a large amount of toxic substances - ketone or acetone. Normally, ketone bodies are formed in the process of fat metabolism, decompose in the liver and excreted.

In diabetes, they accumulate in the blood and excreted in the urine. Some of acetone output through the lungs (from the patient there is a smell of acetone), the rest of the acetone accumulates in the blood and partly excreted in the urine unchanged. Ketone bodies are acids and their abundance in the blood leads to an increase in the acidity of the body - metabolic acidosis. This is a very dangerous condition that can go into a diabetic coma.

Acetone in urine is determined by using special test strips.

Blood sugar should be able to hold each patient.

Galina Romanenko

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Hypothalamic syndrome - is difficult to recognize, it is difficult to treat - Symptoms and Treatment

April 30, 2009

Hypothalamic syndrome - is difficult to recognize, it is difficult to treat
Symptoms and treatment

Hypothalamus and its functions

Hypothalamus - a brain region that plays a key role in the regulation of many vital body functions, first of all, a constant internal environment. The hypothalamus is the supreme vegetative centers (vegetative or autonomic nervous system innervates internal organs), which is responsible for the adaptation of the organism to various activities, supports optimal level of metabolism, temperature regulation and implementing regulation of the activity of internal organs and blood vessels. Work hypothalamus goes hand in hand with the main endocrine gland - the pituitary gland, so the violations in this area always cause endocrine disruption. It manages food, sexual behavior and other mental functions.

What is a hypothalamic syndrome and its causes

Hypothalamic syndrome - a set of symptoms that occur with the defeat of the hypothalamic region and characterized by autonomic, endocrine, metabolic and trophic disorders.

The cause of hypothalamic syndrome can become a traumatic brain injury, lack of oxygen (eg, in utero or suffocation, drowning and so on.), Increased intracranial pressure, chronic infections (such as herpes), intoxication (poisoning, for example, alcohol) stress How to beat stress? Create an oasis , Mental strain, swelling and so on.

Signs of the hypothalamic region

With the defeat of the hypothalamus violated its basic functions in the first place - the metabolism Improves metabolism and losing weight without dieting . Signs of metabolic disorders are changes in body weight (more weight increases, but there may be a decrease) increase in the concentration of certain substances in blood (glucose, thyroid hormones, insulin, etc.), the sharp smell of sweat, the appearance of the skin of the abdomen and thighs stretch marks.

The hypothalamus controls the activities of vessels and violations in this area appear instability in blood pressure, spasms of blood vessels, heart (especially under stress).

On the part of the central nervous system marked the emergence of mood swings Mood swings in women - bad character or a disease? , Depression (persistent lowering of mood), sleep disorders, fatigue, headache, increased appetite and thirst of central origin (the result of the brain), decrease or increase sexual desire.

Diagnosis

Accurate diagnosis of hypothalamic syndrome is vital, since it determines the treatment strategy.

The most informative method of diagnosis is magnetic resonance imaging, the pictures you can see signs of increased intracranial pressure, the effects of trauma and hypoxia (lack of oxygen), tumors.

Be sure to research conducted blood hormones - various violations require different treatment. Biochemical blood tests detect metabolic disorders.

Ultrasound examination of the internal organs and endocrine glands can detect violations, signs that could be mistaken for hypothalamic syndrome.

Treatment of hypothalamic syndrome

In the treatment of hypothalamic syndrome must take into account the reason for its occurrence. Therefore, methods are selected individually. Sometimes a good effect etiological (aimed at the cause of the disease) treatment - for example, in tumors, infections. In acute and chronic infection requires anti-inflammatory, resolving therapy.

When hypothalamic syndrome resulting from injury, improve often occurs after reduction of intracranial pressure after use of diuretic drugs.

When violations of carbohydrate metabolism of insulin is administered to the patient, with the use of endocrine disorders vicarious stimulate or, conversely, inhibiting hormone drugs prescribed a diet with restriction of carbohydrate and fats, sometimes drugs that suppress appetite. Physiotherapy is also necessary for the treatment, but it can cause high blood pressure, so such patient is recommended dosage, the growing burden under the control of blood pressure.

Of great importance is also the observance of Sleep Dreams: how to understand our dreams and waking - an abnormality may result in deterioration of the patient's condition.

Hypothalamic syndrome requires constant observation and treatment under medical supervision.

Galina Romanenko