Symptoms of diarrhea

• Frequent urge to defecate
• Loose stools
• Pain and / or stomach cramps
• Abdominal distention
• Fever
• The presence of blood and stool

An adult should see a doctor if diarrhea is accompanied by the following symptoms:

• The appearance of signs of dehydration - excessive thirst, dry mouth, dry skin, dark urine, a significant decrease in the volume of urine or no urination, fatigue and dizziness.
• Diarrhea continues for three days or more.
• Severe pain and abdominal and rectal area.
• Black stools or blood in the stool.
• Body temperature above 39 C.

In young children diarrhea can quickly cause dehydration. Having found a doctor if the symptoms of diarrhea in a child not improved during the day, and if he has observed the following symptoms:

• Absence of urination for three hours or more.
• Body temperature above 38.5 C.
• Black stools or blood in the stool.
• Dryness of the mouth and / or crying without tears.
• Unusual drowsiness, lethargy and irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper .
• The belly and cheeks look sunken; sunken eyes.

Causes

Diarrhea occurs when food and fluids too quickly or too much (or a combination of both) pass through the colon. Normally the colon absorbs the liquid waste from the foods you eat and the chair turns semisolid. If fluid can not be absorbed, the chair will be liquid. The most common causes of diarrhea are:

Viruses

Additional viruses that can cause diarrhea: Norwalk virus, cytomegalovirus Cytomegalovirus - what is its danger?   and viral hepatitis Hepatitis - the scourge of our time . Rotavirus is often the cause of acute diarrhea in children.

Bacteria and parasites

Bacteria and parasites may be ingested with food and water. Giardia and cryptosporidium - one of the most common parasites that cause diarrhea in humans. Among the bacteria, pathogens of diarrhea are most common Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella and E. coli. The risk of penetration into the body of the bacteria is especially high while traveling to developing countries.

Medicines

Many drugs may cause diarrhea; most often this side effect observed in antibiotics. Antibiotics kill not only harmful, but also beneficial bacteria, which can disrupt the natural balance in the intestine. Often the consequence is an infection caused by the uncontrolled multiplication of the bacteria Clostridium difficile.

Lactose intolerance

Lactose - a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. The body produces an enzyme that helps digest lactose, but the majority of people develop this enzyme rapidly decreases as they grow older. Because of this growing intolerance to lactose, which is the cause of diarrhea after eating dairy products.

Fructose

Sugar, contained in fruits and honey, and which is used as a sweetener in the manufacture of certain soft drinks, can cause diarrhea in humans, than the body can not properly digest it.

Artificial sweeteners

Sorbitol and mannitol and artificial sweeteners contained in chewing gum and other products, marked as "sugar-free products" can cause diarrhea in generally healthy persons.

Surgery

Diarrhea may occur in patients undergoing various operations on the abdominal organs.

Violation of the digestive system

For example, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, celiac disease Celiac disease - not quite intestinal pathology , Microscopic colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, can cause diarrhea.

Hepatoprotectors hepatitis

Hepatoprotectors - it's drugs, which have a selective beneficial effect on the liver. They contribute to the restoration of cellular metabolism Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things , Increase the resistance of hepatocytes to the action of pathogenic factors, restore normal regenerative processes in the liver.

The group include hepatic polyunsaturated (essential) phospholipids which have the ability to reduce changes in the liver and fat to neutralize free radicals. Phospholipids are the structural basis of cell membranes and membrane organelles, are part of the blood plasma and bile, are taking part in the work of the nervous system and blood clotting to stop bleeding.

The group of phospholipids include drugs such as Essentiale forte and Essliver. The latter is a more modern drugs and is composed of essential phospholipids, and vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B6, B12, E, and nicotinamide). Such a formulation provides a broad-spectrum drugs. Essliver fort contributes to the rapid recovery of liver cells, slows the growth of connective tissue and fat in the liver.

Hepatoprotectors ademetionine (Heptral) refers to another group of drugs. It has a detoxifying, regenerating, antioxidant, antifibriniziruyuschim, neuroprotective and antidepressant action. The therapeutic effect is geptrala in intracellular glutathione synthesis reaction, which prevents damage to the liver. With sufficient glutathione content of liver cells are less susceptible to the negative effects of various toxins.

Available Heptral Geptral - protection and support to the liver and not only   tablets for oral administration of 400 mg as a lyophilized powder for solution for injection is used inside, intramuscularly and intravenously.

The course of treatment for hepatitis geptralom, including dose and duration of application chosen individually. Standard treatment: geptral in a daily dose of 800 mg for one to two weeks, intravenously, with a transition to reception of the drug inside at 400-800 mg (1-2 tablets) for two weeks.

With prolonged use geptrala marked improvement in liver function tests, complete or partial regeneration of liver cells, inhibition of the growth of connective tissue in the liver.

For drugs with hepatoprotective action is plant-based, such as silymarin (CARS). It is isolated from the fruits of milk thistle, well it improves the general condition of patients with liver diseases, normalizes blood biochemistry, prevents the development of steatosis and cirrhosis, long-term use increases the life expectancy of patients with liver cirrhosis.

In cholestatic (stagnant) hepatitis appointed as a choleretic and hepatoprotective effect ursosan cholelitolitic. It is administered in the form of a continuous course over time - from several months to several years, 2-5 capsules per day.

The use of glucocorticoids and tsitostatokov hepatitis

Glucocorticoids and cytotoxic drugs prescribed for autoimmune hepatitis. The standard rate is 40 mg prednisolone Prednisolone - against inflammation, allergy and pain, but with complications   or 32 mg of methylprednisolone in the form of ingestible tablets a day for one month. Drugs that suppress the activity of a number of immune system, leading to stabilization of the autoimmune process. This treatment is also part of the diagnosis - the patient's condition improved rapidly occurs only when the nature of autoimmune hepatitis.

Treatment of hepatitis B should always be conducted on an individual plan. For the treatment of various types of hepatitis are now highly modern medicines to cure or allow for long term stabilize the liver and improve the overall condition of the patient. Correctly chosen complex treatment prevents a shift of hepatitis to cirrhosis and liver cancer Liver cancer: prognosis is poor, but there is hope .

Galina Romanenko