Papaverine tablets is not very soluble in aqueous solutions, and therefore in the gastrointestinal tract is absorbed only half of an oral dose. Furthermore, the tablets are not as fast and effective as a rectal suppository or injection.

How do papaverine tablets

Available pills of papaverine to 0, '04 Children also produces tablets to 0, '01 When administered papaverine tablets absorbed into the blood slowly and incompletely. Therefore, its action does not start as fast as, for example, in the preparation of the same series - shpy. Once in the blood, papaverine actively distributed to tissues and has antispasmodic effect. Papaverine is displayed in the urine as metabolites (products of metabolism), formed in the liver.

Action papaverine associated with suppression of enzymatic activity of phosphodiesterase (PDE) into muscle cells, which leads to the impossibility of formation of actomyosin protein is a major component involved in muscle contraction.

Antispasmodic pills of papaverine is not very pronounced in the severe pain associated with cramps, it helps only partially. The effect may be enhanced when combined with papaverine painkillers - paracetamol, aspirin and so on.

Which diseases can be taken

Tablets papaverine, as well as tablets shpy can have in your home medicine cabinet and take the appearance of spastic pain. They can be administered, for example, spasm and pain in the intestine associated with taking a large amount of roughage, such as beans, fresh vegetables, and so on - and pain spasms in the intestines in this case with the increased gas (flatulence). But taking yourself antispasmodics, one should not forget that they can make their own only in case of emergency, if the poly become regular, you should seek medical advice.

Papaverine tablets often prescribed as part of a complex of anti-treatment of digestive diseases. Under the action of papaverine improves blood circulation in the walls of these organs, which contributes to the prevention of recurrence of the disease.

In other cases, to relieve spasms of smooth muscles use a combination of drugs, which include analgesics or antispasmodics and papaverine (andipal, Papazol, platifillin with papaverine, etc.). Such preparations are well relieve smooth muscle spasms and pain associated with them, including light attack of renal colic and renal Renal colic: a signal that the danger in the bud .

In diseases of the peripheral blood vessels treatment papaverine Papaverine - for pain caused by spasms of smooth muscles   may slightly improve the condition of the patient, as well as angina pectoris and cerebral circulation disorders. But this should not preclude the use of other drugs for emergency relief of spasms of the blood vessels (eg nitroglycerin for angina pectoris).

Take papaverine tablets 1-2 three to four times a day. Elderly patients an initial one-time should not exceed 10 mg (a quarter of the adult tablets of 40 mg or an entire children - 10 mg). Babies papaverine tablets can be taken with six months of age, dosage thus chosen a pediatrician.

Do papaverine tablets side effects and contraindications for the reception?

Adverse effects of papaverine mainly manifested in high doses and in that case, when the drug is taken without contraindications. There may be nausea and vomiting associated with the suppression of intestinal motility. In addition, there may be abnormal liver function (after the drug is reduced liver function), increased sweating, lethargy, drowsiness, blood pressure reduction.

But the most unpleasant complications while taking papaverine is a violation of the cardiac conduction of impulses in the myocardium, which lead to the development of atrioventricular block. Perhaps the emergence of cardiac arrhythmias.

Contraindications pills of papaverine in case of hypersensitivity to it of the patient, atrioventricular blockade, glaucoma Glaucoma - a perspective possible blindness   (elevated intraocular pressure), with abnormal liver function. In addition, it does not take papaverine in old age and to give children under the age of six months.

C care is taken in tablets papaverine after traumatic brain injury, in violation of the kidneys and adrenal glands, reduced thyroid function The thyroid gland - is responsible for your hormones   (hypothyroidism), growth of the prostate gland and shock. You should always be remembered that the pills of papaverine can not be combined with alcohol.

Galina Romanenko

Ranitidine - a drug that inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, inhibiting H2 - histamine receptors located in the gastric mucosa. Thus, ranitidine does not allow the effects on the stomach of histamine, which stimulates the production of hydrochloric acid in it.

The mechanism of action of ranitidine

Ranitidine belongs to the group of drugs - blockers, H2-histamine receptors located in the gastric mucosa. It is produced in the form of tablets, coated tablets of 150 and 300 mg effervescent tablets of 150 and 300 mg and a solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection in ampules of 2 ml (50 mg).

The mechanism of action associated with ranitidine suppression effects of histamine on gastric glands. Histamine acts on the gastric gland as a stimulator of gastric acid secretion, thus blockade of its actions lead to a decrease in volume and gastric acidity.

Increased gastric acid secretion may be due to different reasons - the action raised food load, different hormones, drugs that have a stimulating effect on gastric cancer and so on. Inhibition of gastric acid secretion and reducing its acidity reduces the activity of the pepsin enzyme involved in the digestion of protein.

After receiving ranitidine inside he quickly absorbed into the blood, regardless of the meal. In about half of the blood gets active principle (50% bioavailability), the maximum blood concentration reached in 2-3 hours after ingestion, the effect lasts up to 12 hours. Ranitidine crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk. Following intramuscular administration of ranitidine is rapidly and almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream, reaching its maximum concentration after 15 minutes.

Indications and contraindications for the appointment - User

Ranitidine is indicated for the following diseases and conditions:

• gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer treatment and prevention of recurrence of the disease;
• with stimulation of gastric mucosa caused by nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as aspirin, indomethacin etc.);
• inflammatory diseases of the esophagus caused by constant throwing of acid stomach contents into the esophagus (reflux oesophagitis)
• with Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome - benign tumors of the pancreas or duodenum (adenoma) producing gastrin hormone which stimulates the secretion of gastric acid and hydrochloric acid, resulting in the stomach and in the initial small intestine ulcer can develop processes;
• ulcerative processes in the stomach and duodenum, developing the stress and operations;
• for the prevention of recurrent bleeding from the esophagus, stomach and duodenum;
• for the prevention of contact with the gastric juice in the airways during surgery under general anesthesia.

The use of ranitidine is contraindicated:

• if you are hypersensitive to the components of the drug;
• during pregnancy and nursing Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• under the age of 12 years.

Zantac is prescribed with caution in renal impairment or liver (sometimes it is enough to choose a lower dose), cirrhosis of the liver with disorders of the brain, acute porphyria (a hereditary disease affecting the nervous system).

Side effects of ranitidine and symptoms of overdose

Ranitidine - a drug that is usually well tolerated, but can give and side effects:

• from the gastrointestinal tract - dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms ;
• from other digestive organs - inflammation of the liver and pancreas;
• from the blood - blood may decrease of leukocytes, platelets, as well as all other elements of the cell; may develop hemolytic (destruction of red blood cells with a) the nature of the immune-deficiency anemia;
• the part of the circulatory system - lowering blood pressure, a rare and often spasmodic contraction of the heart (bradycardia, bradyarrhythmia), cardiac conduction disorders impulses from the atria to the ventricles (atrio-ventricular block);
• the central nervous system - lethargy, drowsiness, irritability, weakness, poor health, headache, dizziness, impairment of consciousness, hearing, hallucinations, involuntary movements (tics);
• by the organs of vision - blurred vision of objects because of violations of accommodation (the eye's ability to adapt to different distances);
• on the part of the musculoskeletal system - joint pain Joint pain - how to understand what is going on?   and muscles;
• by the endocrine glands - an increase in the blood levels of prolactin (a hormone of the pituitary gland that stimulates the secretion of breast milk), hormonal changes in men on the female type (gynecomastia), menstrual disorders in women, decreased libido, impotence Impotence - a female perspective on the problem ;
• - Possible allergic reactions, alopecia and impaired renal function.

With an overdose of ranitidine may increase side effects. In this case, it is recommended to call an ambulance.

Galina Romanenko