Nootropil - a drug that has a direct impact on the brain. At the same time he is able to improve the functional capacity of the brain in normal and in various pathological conditions. It is used by a physician.

The mechanism of action of nootropil

Nootropilum (international non-proprietary name - piracetam) - a drug, which belongs to the group of nootropic drugs and is available in the form of capsules, 400 mg, film coated tablets, 800 and 1200 mg, as a 20% solution in bottles of 125 ml for receiving inside, in the form of a 20% solution for injection in vials of 5 and 15 ml of solution for intravenous infusion in vials of 60 ml.

Nootropil is a derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA or GABA). It has a positive effect on the central nervous system by increasing the speed of propagation of the nerve impulses in the brain, improve the metabolism of the nerve cells, improve blood flow in small blood vessels of the brain and by normalizing blood flow without vasodilation. As a result, improves cerebral blood flow is restored communication between the hemispheres of the brain's ability to learn, memory, attention, mental performance. Restores the state of the brain after different intoxications and lack of oxygen.

Blood fluidity is improved due to the fact that Nootropilum prevents the aggregation (bonding) of platelets, red cells restores elasticity, which prevents the adhesion (sticking to the walls of blood vessels).

After receiving nootropil inside quickly and almost completely absorbed in the intestine (the maximum concentration in blood is reached after half an hour), it penetrates into the brain and the placenta to the fetus. Excreted through the kidneys unchanged.

Indications for admission

Nootropil is prescribed in the following diseases and conditions:

• elderly patients at violations of memory, concentration, mental alertness, ability to remember, dizziness, depression, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper , Behavioral disorders;
• Alzheimer's disease;
• when the consequences of ischemic stroke with speech disorders, neuro-psychological activities and movements;
• chronic alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse - for the treatment of withdrawal symptoms and various disorders of the central nervous system;
• after intoxication, trauma, coma, and in the recovery period after them;
• in disorders of cerebral circulation;
• If you have problems with learning disabilities of children;
• during seizures;
• when sickle cell anemia (in the complex therapy).

Contraindications

Nootropil is contraindicated in:

• hemorrhage into the brain (hemorrhagic stroke);
• with depression and psychomotor agitation (agitation);
• chorea Gettingtona;
• when severe renal impairment;
• aged up to one year - for the oral solution;
• at the age of three - for tablets and capsules;
• Pregnancy and breast- Breastfeeding - a personal choice   breast;
• if you are hypersensitive to the components of the drug.

Precautions nootropil prescribed for increased bleeding, surgery, bleeding.

Side effects

In most cases nootropil well tolerated, but may in its application and side effects.

The most common side effects occur in the central nervous system - this nervous irritability, insomnia and physical activity or, alternatively, lethargy, fatigue, lethargy and sleepiness, impaired balance, depressed mood, anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease? , Anxiety, hallucinations, sometimes - headache, dizziness, increased libido. Therefore patients who take nootropil and have any side effects on the central nervous system, it is not necessary to carry out work related to the life-threatening, for example, to drive motor vehicles.

On the part of the gastrointestinal tract when receiving nootropil possible (but rare), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, discomfort, and abdominal pain Abdominal pain: Types and Symptoms .

There are also side effects of the endocrine system in the form of increased weight. This side effect is more common in elderly patients who receive nootropil long and in large doses.

Sometimes an appointment nootropil experience an allergic reaction, which manifest themselves in a variety of skin rashes (including urticaria), angioedema, and so on.

All side effects (except for allergies) can be removed, reducing the dose nootropil. When allergy nootropil overturned.

Nootropil - is an effective and fairly safe drug.

Galina Romanenko

In the 19th century it described the disease, which is called neurasthenia. In Greek, the term means "nervous exhaustion." It believes that it is most common among the educated part of the population and is caused by exposure to various environmental factors - the fact that today is called stress factors. Neurasthenia is still diagnosed in some eastern countries; in the west, however, fatigue, consider it a basic feature, often considered a symptom of other disorders.

Some psychiatrists say that the disorder that is now called chronic fatigue syndrome has a significant resemblance to neurasthenia.

The term neurasthenia began to be used in 1896. After some time, Freud used it to describe a fundamental disorder of mental functioning. After this term mistakenly used to refer to almost every neurosis Neurosis - reaction to the nervous shock ; particularly widespread it was in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In the Victorian era a few doctors isolated view of neurasthenia, including - tropical neurasthenia, which suffered Europeans living in the tropical colonies.

In 1980, neurasthenia was excluded from the Manual of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders, but it is included in the section F48 of ICD-10 (International Classification of Diseases).

The symptoms of neurasthenia

Neurasthenia - a mental disorder caused by stress or anxiety Anxiety - how to distinguish normal from disease? . Its symptoms are:

• Weakness or fatigue, which may be accompanied by pain in the heart;
• Palpitations and / or tachycardia Tachycardia - the body to the limit? ;
• Cold, wet hands and feet;
• Rapid breathing;
• Dizziness or fainting;
• Sweating for no apparent reason;
• Anxiety and restlessness.

Diagnostic criteria for neurasthenia

• Severe fatigue, even after minor mental or physical effort; alternating state of excitement and depression.
• The presence of at least one of these symptoms: muscle pain, dizziness, dull headaches, sleep disturbance, inability to relax, irritability Irritability - you try to control my temper .
• Failure to restore power with the help of relaxation, enjoy your vacation, distracted from the problems.
• Restless sleep, often - disturbing the patient's dreams.
• The presence of these symptoms for three months or more.
• The absence of organic mental disorders, affective disorder, panic or generalized anxiety disorder.

Facts about neurasthenia

The exact cause of neurasthenia is unknown, but presumably contributing factors are heredity, stress, pressure from society, family, and so on, the weakness of the nervous system.

Neurasthenia is most common among men aged 20 to 55 years.

For the treatment of neurasthenia previously been recommended rest, balanced diet and moderate physical activity.

Despite the fact that neurosis is not removed from the International Classification of Diseases, now doctors are rarely diagnosed with this condition. In some Eastern countries, however, neurasthenia is socially acceptable diagnosis for the avoidance of stigmatization, which entails a diagnosis of a person of a more serious mental disorder.

Western experts are now considering neurasthenia rather as a behavioral rather than a mental disorder associated with the cultural characteristics of the patient. The ICD-10 also talks about the influence of cultural factors on the symptoms of neurasthenia.