Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes refers to tuberculosis of the respiratory system. This form of tuberculosis often is primary, that is developed during primary infection in contact with the human body. But there are also secondary tuberculosis Secondary tuberculosis - a disease of the second round   intrathoracic lymph nodes when activated previously introduced in the body infection.

How is tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes

The causative agent of the disease are mainly Mycobacterium tuberculosis human and occasionally - Mycobacterium tuberculosis bovine type. Enter the body, they are usually in childhood, adults are overwhelmingly positive, but tuberculosis Tuberculosis - a full recovery is not guaranteed   develops not all: it all depends on the state of the immune system.

TB germs to enter the body primarily through the airway by contact with the patient, as well as by inhalation of contaminated dusts. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can enter with food, penetrating into the body through the palatine tonsil and oral mucosa.

After the introduction into the body of the child or adolescent infectious agents penetrate into the intrathoracic lymph nodes and cause them specific inflammatory process. In adults, this form of TB may be secondary, when introduced into the body before the infection is activated as a result of some external factors, leading to decreased immunity.

Distinguish and tumor infiltrative tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes. Children also distinguish the so-called small form bronchoadenitis, continue to experience mild symptoms and a slight increase in intrathoracic lymph nodes.

Primarily affecting the lymph nodes middle lobe of the right lung and upper lobe of the left lung and the right. The lymph nodes are formed pockets caseous (cheesy) necrosis, sometimes occupying the entire fabric of the site. Inflammation can migrate to surrounding tissue, including the wall of the bronchus, causing fistula can be formed (lymph nodes and communication between the bronchus). The healing of the inflammatory process takes place with a partial resorption and growth of connective tissue, lymph node tissue replacement (scarring).

Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes - Symptoms

Symptoms of TB bronchoadenitis may vary depending on the overall condition of the body and form of the disease. The first signs of tuberculosis are bronchoadenitis fever to small numbers, deterioration of general condition, loss of appetite, lethargy, weakness, irritability, sweating, sleep at night, weight loss. If the lymph nodes compress the bronchi, the child appears a kind of cough - cough, consisting of two tones (bitonal). If the lymph node Lymph nodes - what keeps our immune system   It increases significantly, it can completely compress bronchi, accompanied by suffocation - such a child should be immediately put on the stomach (this will facilitate breathing) and immediately call an ambulance.

This cough is characteristic only for the children's age in adults it does not happen. In adults, the cough occurs during the formation of a fistula between bronchus and lymph nodes and is the intrusive nature dry. With involvement of the nerve plexus located in the affected area may develop bronchospasm attacks.

Tuberculosis can end bronchoadenitis complete resorption lesions with their sklerozirvaniem and the formation of small calcifications. But sometimes the disease is complicated.

Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes - complications

In severe tuberculous lymphadenitis inflammation in the lymph nodes does not stop completely and lymph node tissue stored Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can spread to the lymph current, or by contact (to nearby tissues).

The most common complication of tuberculous pleurisy is bronchoadenitis - inflammation of the membranes covering the lungs (pleura). At the same time there are complaints of chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, painful intrusive. When time begun treatment this complication can be cured completely.

Another common complication bronchoadenitis can defeat the bronchi, the main feature of which is a dry paroxysmal cough. As a result of the blockage or compression of the bronchial tubes of various calibers can develop equity, segmental or subsegmental atelectasis (spadenie) light.

Current tubercular bronchoadenitis may also be complicated by the defeat of the lung tissue and the formation of focal or infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis Infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis - rapidly progressive form of the disease .

Diagnosis of tuberculosis bronchoadenitis

The diagnosis is made by a comprehensive examination of the patient. Please observe the medical examination, the state of the tuberculin test (annual growth of 5 mm or more), these X-ray examination and blood count.

Tuberculosis of intrathoracic lymph nodes should be identified and treated as early as possible.

Galina Romanenko

Panting may be at different diseases and conditions. Including shortness of breath can occur in healthy people. The mechanism of formation of shortness of breath to date has not been studied, and it is sometimes not clear why a healthy person has a subjective feeling of shortness of breath.

Shortness of breath and its species

Difficult, changes in breathing is called dyspnea. Subjectively felt shortness of breath tightness as a person because of a lack of air. Objectively, it appears the major changes in lung function. But it also happens that a person hard to breathe, and there are no objective evidence that there is no feeling.

In a separate phase of the external breathing are three types of breathlessness:

• inspiratory - characterized by breathing difficulties and meets with pleurisy, pulmonary fibrosis, heart failure, as well as the narrowing of the trachea and the large bronchi;
• expiratory - characterized by difficulty exhaling, and occurs in narrowing of the lumen of the small bronchi (for example, cluster them in secret or bronchospasm); extreme expiratory dyspnea is an attack of bronchial asthma;
• mixed - inspiratory and expiratory when difficult and inhale and exhale; This may occur when the combination of asthma and chronic heart failure.

Why is hard to breathe

Shortness of breath can be a symptom of many different diseases. It may be the disease of the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, blood system (eg, anemia), metabolic disorders Metabolism: The basis of life of all living things , Diseases which lead to disruption of the mobility of the chest and diaphragm (e.g., obesity, loss of ribs or backbone). As a result of all these diseases suffer from respiratory function.

Shortness of breath may also occur in patients with lesions of the central nervous system, a lot of stress in healthy people and even minor emotional impact in patients suffering from neuroses (central dyspnea). In this case, it becomes hard to breathe due to changes in the respiratory center located in the medulla oblongata.

The symptoms of shortness of breath at various diseases

With heart disease the appearance of dyspnea indicates heart failure Heart failure - when the heart is unable to cope with the work   and stagnation of blood in the pulmonary circulation, that is in the lungs. Initially, patients complain that they have trouble breathing when there is no air during exercise, then there asthma (attacks of cardiac asthma) with breathing difficulties and at rest.

Shortness of breath can be one of the symptoms of myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle). Patients may complain at the same time that crushes the heart and breathing heavily. The same feeling can be and cardioneurosis - diseases associated with disorders of the autonomic nervous system.

In bronchial asthma, on the contrary, it is hard to breathe as you exhale, and bronchial asthma accompanied by bouts of bronchospasm with complete inability to exhale. In acute and chronic inflammatory processes appears dyspnea by reducing the respiratory surface of alveoli and is characterized by frequent shallow breathing.

For injuries of the chest, infringement of spinal nerves of the thoracic spine (intercostal neuralgia), the patient worried about feeling like something is squeezing the chest and difficulty breathing. Sometimes osteochondrosis Osteochondrosis - learn how to properly distribute the weight   cervical-thoracic spine difficulty breathing, lying on his back. A significant shortness of breath can also occur with obesity or with a constant overeating. After eating, breathing heavily - one of the main complaints of patients. Dyspnea can occur after eating and gastrointestinal disease, such as chronic gastritis with reduced gastric acid secretion.

People who suffer from neurosis, often complain that they have in his throat, and difficulty breathing. The same symptoms can occur in healthy people exposed to severe stress.

What to do if trouble breathing

So as shortness of breath can be a symptom of many diseases, even the doctor can not always immediately understand the reasons for its occurrence. To do this, go through examination and prescribed by a doctor only after the final diagnosis can be assigned to appropriate treatment.

It's hard to breathe - it is not a disease, but one of the symptoms of various diseases, both mild and severe. Shortness of breath occurs in healthy people, however, if hard to breathe, do not pull an address to the doctor.

Galina Romanenko